Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in Danes, Greenlanders and Somalis

Sánchez, Juan José Martínez; Børsting, Claus; Hernández, Alexis; Mengel-Jørgensen, Jonas; Morling, Niels

doi:10.1016/s0531-5131(03)01635-2

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Importantly, this work brought attention to the population of Ammassalik, which consistently exhibited the lowest levels of diversity and European admixture. The pattern of substructure detected in Greenland corroborates previous reports on mtDNA 4,10 and Y-chromosomal lineages [6][7][8][9] that indicated that East Greenland is the most isolated area in Greenland. It also suggests that Ammassalik most likely represents one of the best windows into the genetics of Greenlanders in pre-European times.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This work attested to the complexity of the genetic pool of Greenlanders, corroborating a number of previous reports. 1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]24 Taken as a whole, the results supported the historical and archaeological accounts of Greenland's demographic features. A hard-to-access geography, together with an adverse climate, rendered difficult not only the most ancient peopling of Greenland, initiated a few millennia ago, but also the settlement of the island.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Studies based on uniparentally inherited markers have shown that the Y-chromosomal gene pool of Greenlandic people comprises approximately equal numbers of European and Inuit lineages, [6][7][8][9] but the set of mtDNA haplogroups revealed an overwhelmingly Inuit component, with no European lineages detected. 10 More recently, Helgason et al 4 reported evidence of an intricate pattern of mtDNA variation in Greenlanders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The peopling of Greenland: further insights from the analysis of genetic diversity using autosomal and X-chromosomal markers

et al. 2014

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The peopling of Greenland has a complex history shaped by population migrations, isolation and genetic drift. The Greenlanders present a genetic heritage with components of European and Inuit groups; previous studies using uniparentally inherited markers in Greenlanders have reported evidence of a sex-biased, admixed genetic background. This work further explores the genetics of the Greenlanders by analysing autosomal and X-chromosomal data to obtain deeper insights into the factors that shaped the genetic diversity in Greenlanders. Fourteen Greenlandic subsamples from multiple geographical settlements were compared to assess the level of genetic substructure in the Greenlandic population. The results showed low levels of genetic diversity in all sets of the genetic markers studied, together with an increased number of X-chromosomal loci in linkage disequilibrium in relation to the Danish population. In the broader context of worldwide populations, Greenlanders are remarkably different from most populations, but they are genetically closer to some Inuit groups from Alaska. Admixture analyses identified an Inuit component in the Greenlandic population of approximately 80%. The sub-populations of Ammassalik and Nanortalik are the least diverse, presenting the lowest levels of European admixture. Isolation-by-distance analyses showed that only 16% of the genetic substructure of Greenlanders is most likely to be explained by geographic barriers. We suggest that genetic drift and a differentiated settlement history around the island explain most of the genetic substructure of the population in Greenland.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The peopling of Greenland: further insights from the analysis of genetic diversity using autosomal and X-chromosomal markers

et al. 2014

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“…As discussed by Bosch et al [30], a sex-biased contribution of European genes to the Greenlandic population has probably occurred. Thus, while around 50-60% of the Greenlandic Y-chromosomes seem to have European origin [30][31][32], a very low European impact was observed from mtDNA data [33]. MtDNA data showed not only a limited intrapopulation variability [34] but also a stratification of the population in Greenland [34], which was also evidenced by the analysis of Y-chromosome markers [30,31].…”

Section: Interpopulation Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of 12 X-STRs in Greenlanders, Danes and Somalis using Argus X-12

2011

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X-chromosome markers have become a useful set of markers of choice when certain complex kinship cases need to be unravelled. The Argus X-12 kit allows the co-amplification in a single PCR reaction of 12 X-chromosome short tandem repeats located in four linkage groups. A number of 507 unrelated individuals from Greenland, Denmark and Somalia together with two generation families were typed using the Argus X-12 kit. Silent alleles for the DXS10148 and DXS10146 systems were observed in males, mostly from Somalia. High levels of intrapopulation variability and therefore high forensic parameter values were calculated for the three studied populations. The population in Greenland showed a significantly lower intrapopulation variability and a high genetic differentiation compared with 13 other populations. Significant levels of linkage disequilibrium were observed between markers belonging to the same linkage group, mainly in the populations in Greenland and Somalia. Family studies allowed the calculation of mutation and recombination frequencies. A higher male versus female mutation rate was obtained, with an average value of 3.3 × 10(-3). Recombination fraction calculations performed on two generation families showed, as previously described, a not complete independence between X-chromosome linkage groups 3 and 4.

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“…A total of 400 males of varying ethnic origin were typed in duplicate. In all samples, we obtained concording results from the hybridizations performed on the NanoChip array and from the minisequencing reactions analyzed by capillary electrophoresis [19,20]. Of the samples 2-3% had to be typed again due to weak signals, which were usually caused by low amounts of PCR products.…”

Section: Typing Of 400 Individuals On the Nanogen Molecular Biology Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex PCR, amplicon size and hybridization efficiency on the NanoChip electronic microarray

Børsting

Sánchez

Morling

2004

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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We tested the SNP typing protocol developed for the NanoChip electronic microarray by analyzing the four Y chromosome loci SRY1532, SRY8299, TAT, and 92R7. Amplicons of different lengths containing the same locus were purified and addressed to the NanoChip array and fluorescently labelled reporter probes were hybridized to the amplicons. We demonstrated that as little as 10-30 fmol of 50 bp DNA amplicons was sufficient to obtain strong and reproducible results. The hybridization to 50 bp amplicons was up to 10 times more efficient than the hybridization to 200 bp amplicons containing the same SNP. Hybridization to individual amplicons in multiplexes was less efficient suggesting that intramolecular and intermolecular interactions may block access to the target sequence on the NanoChip array. We observed a high risk of contamination with amplicons shorter than 60 bp and therefore, we recommend the use of 60-200 bp amplicons for SNP typing analysis on the NanoChip platform. In a comparative study, we typed the 5 Y chromosome loci M173, 92R7, P25, SRY1532, and M9 in 400 males using the NanoChip SNP typing protocol and the SNaPshot kit. Concording results were obtained for all samples demonstrating the accuracy of the NanoChip SNP typing protocol.

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Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in Danes, Greenlanders and Somalis

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

The peopling of Greenland: further insights from the analysis of genetic diversity using autosomal and X-chromosomal markers

The peopling of Greenland: further insights from the analysis of genetic diversity using autosomal and X-chromosomal markers

Analysis of 12 X-STRs in Greenlanders, Danes and Somalis using Argus X-12

Multiplex PCR, amplicon size and hybridization efficiency on the NanoChip electronic microarray

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