Impressive short-circuit current density and fill factor have been achieved simultaneously in single-junction organic solar cells (OSCs) with the emergence of high-performance non-fullerene acceptors. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs still lag behind those of inorganic and perovskite solar cells, mainly due to the modest open-circuit voltage (V OC ) imposed by relatively large energy loss (E loss ). Generally, E loss in solar cells can be divided into three parts. Among them, ΔE 1 is inevitable for all photovoltaic cells and depends on the optical bandgap of solar cells, while radiative recombination energy loss, ΔE 2 , in OSCs can approach the negligible value via finely matching donor with acceptor material in the blend. The relatively large non-radiative recombination energy loss, ΔE 3 , becomes the main barrier to further reduce E loss and thus enhance PCE in non-fullerene acceptor-based OSCs. In this review, the recent studies and achievements about ΔE 3 in non-fullerene acceptor-based OSCs have been summarized from the aspects of material design, morphology manipulation, ternary strategy, mechanism, and theoretical study. It is hoped that this review helps to get a deep understanding and boost the advance of ΔE 3 study in OSCs.