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Engström, Kersting; Härkönen, Hannu; Pekari, Kaija; Rantanen, Jorma

doi:10.5271/sjweh.2755

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A value of 10 m 3 of inhaled air is used as the air volume inhaled by workers at light workload for an 8-h work shift (ICRP 1975), equating to a total workshift inhaled styrene dose of 25 mg/m 3 x 10 m 3 = 250 mg. Using a styrene inhalation uptake of 70 percent (Engstrom, 1978), the total systemic styrene dose resulting from a 6 ppm RfC exposure equals 175 mg per day.…”

Section: Development Of Ototoxicity-based Oel Rfc Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A general population developmental and reproductive toxicity for styrene RfD = 3.1 mg/kg bw/day is derived from the inhalation RfC of 3.7 ppm [(15.7 mg/m 3 x 20 m 3 x 0.7)/70 kg] = 3.1 mg/kg bw/day. 20 m 3 is the assumed total inhaled air per day for resting humans; 0.7 is % of systemically absorbed styrene following inhalation exposure (Engstrom, 1978); and 70 kg is default human body weight.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A value of 20 m 3 of inhaled air is used as the air volume inhaled by the general population in 24 h (ICRP 1975) equating to a total daily styrene dose of 17 mg/m 3 x 20 m 3 = 340 mg. Using a styrene inhalation uptake of styrene of 70% (Engstrom, 1978), the total systemic styrene dose resulting from a 4 ppm RfC exposure equals 238 mg per day. Because this systemic dose was estimated from adult workers, a 70 kg body weight is assumed, yielding a general population RfD for styrene of 3.4 mg/kg bw/day.…”

Section: Development Of Dyschromatopsia-based Oel Rfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene – an update

Banton

Bus

Collins

et al. 2019

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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The potential chronic health risks of occupational and environmental exposure to styrene were evaluated to update health hazard and exposure information developed since the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis risk assessment for styrene was performed in 2002. The updated hazard assessment of styrene's health effects indicates human cancers and ototoxicity remain potential concerns. However, mechanistic research on mouse lung tumors demonstrates these tumors are mouse-specific and of low relevance to human cancer risk. The updated toxicity database supports toxicity reference levels of 20 ppm (equates to 400 mg urinary metabolites mandelic acid + phenylglyoxylic acid/g creatinine) for worker inhalation exposure and 3.7 ppm and 2.5 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, for general population inhalation and oral exposure. No cancer risk value estimates are proposed given the established lack of relevance of mouse lung tumors and inconsistent epidemiology evidence. The updated exposure assessment supports inhalation and ingestion routes as important. The updated risk assessment found estimated risks within acceptable ranges for all age groups of the general population and workers with occupational exposures in non-fiber-reinforced polymer composites industries and fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRP) workers using closedmold operations or open-mold operations with respiratory protection. Only FRP workers using open-mold operations not using respiratory protection have risk exceedances for styrene and should be considered for risk management measures. In addition, given the reported interaction of styrene exposure with noise, noise reduction to sustain levels below 85 dB(A) needs be in place.

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Section: Development Of Ototoxicity-based Oel Rfc Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Dyschromatopsia-based Oel Rfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene – an update

Banton

Bus

Collins

et al. 2019

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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Styrene Toxicity: An Ecotoxicological Assessment

Gibbs

Mulligan

1997

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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trans,trans-Muconic acid, a reliable biological indicator for the detection of individual benzene exposure down to the ppm level

Ducos

Gaudin

Bel

et al. 1992

Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath

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trans,trans-Muconic acid (2,4-hexadienedioic acid) (t,t-MA) is a minor benzene metabolite which can be used as a biological indicator for benzene exposure. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the limits of use of t,t-MA for detection and quantification of occupational exposures to benzene, particularly on an individual scale, phenol being used as the metabolite of reference. A simple and sensitive method previously described by the authors was carried out to analyse t,t-MA in 105 end-of-shift urinary samples from 23 workers exposed to benzene used as an extraction solvent for "concretes" recovery in the perfume industry. Good correlations were found between atmospheric benzene and both metabolites (uncorrected or corrected for creatinine) or between the metabolites themselves, with correlation coefficients from 0.81 to 0.91 (P < 0.0001). Correlation- coefficients were not improved after correction for creatinine. The overall individual benzene exposure range, median, and arithmetic mean were respectively 0.1-75, 4.5, and 9.0 ppm with corresponding t,t-MA excretion of 0.1-47.9, 5.2 and 8.9 mg/l (uncorrected) and phenol excretion of 1.4-298, 30.9, and 42.2 mg/l (uncorrected). In the control group (145 determinations for t,t-MA and 76 for phenol from 79 individuals) the range, median, and arithmetic mean were respectively < 0.04-0.66, 0.08, and 0.13 mg/l (uncorrected t,t-MA) and 1.5-42.0, 9.85 and 11.3 mg/l (uncorrected phenol). t,t-MA was far more specific than phenol and could be easily and practically used to estimate with a given probability the upper or lower corresponding benzene concentrations down to around the ppm level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene – an update

Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene – an update

Styrene Toxicity: An Ecotoxicological Assessment

trans,trans-Muconic acid, a reliable biological indicator for the detection of individual benzene exposure down to the ppm level

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