Yalova İlindeki Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinin Yapısal Özelliklerini Etkileyen Faktörler: Yem ve Besleme Alışkanlıkları

Abstract

Özet: Bu araştırma Yalova ilindeki süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinin yem ve besleme alışkanlıklarına hayvan sayısı ve yetiştiricilerin eğitim seviyesinin etkilerini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini il genelinden şansa bağlı olarak belirlenen 324 adet süt sığırı işletmesinde yapılan anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Veriler SPSS 20.0 paket programında crostabb analizi edilerek ki kare testi yapılmıştır. İşletmelerde en çok kullanılan kaba yem kombinasyonu çayırotu+saman olup, tahsil düzeyi ilkokul olan yetiştiricilerin bu kombinasyonu kullanım oranı % 50.0 orta okul olanlarda % 27.2 ve lise+ olanlarda % 35.1 olarak bulunmuştur. Hayvan sayısı az olan yetiştiriciler aynı kombinasyonu % 50.0 oranında kullanırken, hayvan sayısının artışına paralel olarak kullanım oranı % 25.5 gerilemiştir. Hayvan sayısı kaba yem kombinasyonunu önemli (P<0.01) düzeyde etkilemiştir. Kesif yem kullanımı eğitim düzeyine göre değişiklik göstermektedir. 4-6 kg kesif yem kullanım oranı eğitim düzeyi ilkokul olan işletmelerde % 48.5 iken, orta olanlarda % 43.8 ve lise+ olanlarda % 38.9'a gerilemiştir. 7-9 kg yem kullanımında ise ters bir ilişki olup, eğitim düzeyi arttıkça kesif yem kullanım oranı yükselmektedir. İşletmelerde yem bitkisi ekimi hayvan sayısı tarafından önemli (P<0.05) düzeyde etkilemiştir. Hayvan sayısı 5< olan işletmelerde yem bitkisi ekim oranı % 48.0 iken, bu oran hayvan sayısının artmasıyla birlikte % 74.1'e yükselmiştir. İşletmelerde silaj kullanımını işletmecilerin eğitim düzeyi (P<0.05) ve hayvan sayısı (P<0.01) önemli düzeyde etkilemiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Süt sığırcılığı, yem çeşitleri, besleme alışkanlığı, Yalova Factors Affecting the Structural Features of Dairy Farming Organizations in Yalova: The Habits of Feeding and NutritionAbstract: This research has been conducted in order to determine the habits of feed and nutrition in dairy farming organizations, and how the education level of farmers and the number of animals affected these habits. The data that obtained from 324 randomly chosen dairy farms around the city by the means of the survey comprised the material of research. Crosstabb analysis was applied to the obtained data using SPSS 20.0 package program. The most commonly used roughage combination in organizations was knotgrass and straw. It has been founded that the rate of using the this combination was 50% in primary education level, 27.2% in secondary education level and 35.1% in high school and higher education level. The ratio of breeders who have less animals using this combination was 50%. The rate declined to 25.5% with the increase in the number of animals. The number of animals affected the roughage combination considerably (P<0.01).Concentrate usage changed according to the education level. The ratio of using 4-6 kg concentrate was 48.5% in organizations with primary education level. This declined to 43.8% in secondary education level, and 38.9% in high school and higher education levels. So, there was a reverse relation in 7-9 kg feed usage: as education...

A Study on Cattle Feeding Practices and Habits of Cattle Enterprises in Central County of Ağrı Province

“…Similarly, percentages of cattle farms produced their own forage crops in Kars Province, in Muş Province, Narman county, in Tekirdağ and Kırklareli provinces were reported as 87.8%, 80.8%, 88.7%, 91.6% and 81.8% respectively by Demir et al, (2013), Bakır and Kibar, (2018), Diler et al, (2018) and Öztürk et al, (2019). On the contrary of results of the present study, findings of other studies conducted in Turkey revealed lower percentages of enterprises produced their own forage crops in Konya (47.2%) as well as and in Ergani (9.0%), in Yalova (61.2%), in Erzurum (16%) (Uzal and Uğurlu 2006;Bakır and Han 2009;Demir andHan, 2014 andDiler et al 2016). It was also determined that there was a significant (P<0.01) relationship between forage crop production and the size of the enterprises.…”

“…Percentage of utilization from silage was already reported at a similar level by Diler et al (2018). In the other similar studies, Diler et al ( 2016) revealed extremely low level of silage usage (0.25%), while Kurt et al (2020), Aydın and Keskin (2019), Özyürek et al (2014), Bakır and Han (2014), Özdemir and Karaman (2008) and Önal and Özder (2008) reported the percentages of the silage using enterprises as 18.8%, 30.0%, 13.0%, 21.4%, 30.0%, and 96.5% respectively. Silage supply in the enterprises was mostly made by purchasing (73.7%).…”

Doğu Anadolu Bölgesindeki Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Yem Kullanımı ve Sığır Besleme Uygulamaları: Erzincan İli Merkez İlçesi Örneği

“…In addition, 7.6% of the cattle breeders bought the concentrate feed from feed mills whenever their needs were not met by their production, and 2.8% of those provided it from Agricultural Credit Cooperatives. The result is in accordance with Figure 5: Percentages of enterprises that grow fodder crops according to the number of animals Şekil 5: Hayvan sayılarına göre yem bitkileri yetiştiren işletmelerin yüzde oranları findings of Bakır and Han (2014) who studied the structural features of dairy cattle breeding enterprises in Yalova province. They reported that 87.1% of enterprises purchased concentrate feeds from feed dealers, while 10.9% and 1.9 % from unions and cooperatives as well as feed mills respectively.…”

“…Similarly, more than 3/4 of the cattle enterprises in Antalya, Iğdır, Kars, Muş, Tekirdağ, Kırklareli provinces as well as Narman county of Erzurum province grew fodder crops, that they needed, on their own farms (Kum, 2006;Yeşil, 2015;Demir et al, 2013;Bakır and Kibar, 2019;Öztürk et al, 2019;Diler et al, 2018). On the contrary of results of the present study, findings of other studies carried out in different regions of Turkey revealed lower percentages (47.2% in Konya 52.0 in Tekirdağ, 61.2% in Yalova, 16% in Hınıs county of Erzurum province) of enterprises which grew their own forage crops (Uzal and Uğurlu 2006;Soyak et al 2007;Bakır and Han, 2014;Diler et al 2016).…”

“…Similarly, Soyak et al (2007) also reported that 35.7% of the cattle farms in Tekirdağ used silage for animal feeding. However, 11.7% of respondents in Kars province utilized from silage for cattle feeding (Demir et al 2013), while 21.4% of dairy farms in Yalova used silage as course feed (Bakır and Han, 2014). Unlike these results, in a study investigating the management practices related to udder health in the early lactation period of milking cows, it was reported that grass silage containing 31.0% of dry matter was used in all of the farms (Nyman et al 2008).…”