Yansuanmalingua inhibits replication of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus via activating the caspase‐8 apoptosis pathway

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses to the pork industry. The present study showed that Yansuanmalingua (YASML) can inhibit type 2 PRRSV replication using plaque assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, inhibition of PRRSV replication was shown to be related to Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-dependent apoptosisinduction by YASML in the PRRSV-infected MARC-145, and TLR3-dependent apoptosis-induction by YASML was found to suppress PRRSV replication via the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 pathways, respectively. Meanwhile, activation of the caspase-3 pathway seemed to be related to the downregulation of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) expression. Our results showed that YASML-induced TLR3-dependent apoptosis could be blocked by a pan-caspase inhibitor and small interfering RNA against TLR3. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that YASML exerts its anti-PRRSV effect by activating the caspase-8/caspase-3 signaling pathway and by negatively regulating Mcl-1 expression. These findings not only provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of YASML inhibition of PRRSV replication via the TLR3-dependent apoptosis pathway but also suggest potential, new antiviral drugs by expressing caspase-3 or down expressing Mcl-1. K E Y W O R D Sapoptosis, caspase-3, caspase-8, siRNA, Toll-like receptor 3, Yansuanmalingua

Chitosan-Coated Selenium Nanoparticles Attenuate PRRSV Replication and ROS/JNK-Mediated Apoptosis in vitro

“…Viral titers in Marc-145 cells were determined for the median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50 ) as described previously. 29 Marc-145 cells were cultured in 96-well plates to reach 80% confluence and infected with 10-fold serial dilutions of PRRSV. After 1 h of viral adsorption, the culture medium was discarded and replaced with fresh DMEM-2% FBS.…”

Evaluation of Four Commercial Vaccines for the Protection of Piglets against the Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (hp-PRRSV) QH-08 Strain

“…These vaccines were selected because of their frequent use in the control and prevention practices against PPRSV. Hence, we evaluated the capability of infection of QH-08 PRRSV isolate in the Ding repoted [ 4 ] which was 15,353 nucleotides (nt) in length including poly(A) tails. Meanwhile, this strain exist low recombination rates [ 18 ] which prevalent in Gansu and Qinghai Province…”

“…Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious swine disease, characterized by acute respiratory distress in piglets and reproductive failure in sows leading to tremendous economic losses worldwide [ 1 ]. The etiological agent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped single-positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Arteriviridae [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The virus has an approximately 15 kb length genome that possesses nine or ten overlapping open reading frames (ORF): ORF 1a-1b, ORFs 2–7 (viral structural proteins GP2, E, GP3, GP4, ORF5a, ORF5, M, and N) [ 5 ].…”