Yaw Behavior of Horizontal-Axis Small Wind Turbines in an Urban Area

Abstract

This paper reports the experimental study on passive yaw behavior of a horizontal axis small wind turbines.The yaw angle velocity in a small wind turbine is one of the significant design values and IEC61400-2 Ed.2 prescribes its maximum value should be less than 3 rad/s. However, in practice, in the case of small wind turbines with diameters under 2 m, the yaw angular velocity may exceed the limit of 3 rad/s. The authors conducted a theoretical evaluation as well as a wind tunnel test to examine the possible maximum yaw velocity. The model wind turbine has a diameter of 1 m, blade number of 5, solidity of 0.26 and 2 types of tail fins (large and small). For each tail fin size, the yaw behavior was studied for a range of rotational speeds and wind speeds.The results show that the yaw angular velocity becomes larger with increasing wind velocity and tail fin area. The larger the rotor rotational speed, the smaller the yaw angular velocity. Furthermore, a maximum yaw angular velocity of 3.84 rad/s was observed at a wind speed of 10 m/s, which exceeds the conventional design value of 3 rad/s.

Modelling Passive Yawing Motion of Horizontal Axis Small Wind Turbine: Derivation of New Simplified Equation for Maximum Yaw Rate

“…The recorded maximum change of wind direction in an urban area was 120° according to an observation of the past study [1]. Therefore, the yaw angle of 120° was selected for designing a small wind turbine with the passive yaw system.…”

“…A large number of small wind turbines are often installed in an urban area or on a rooftop at about 10 m above the ground where they experience sudden changes of wind speed and wind direction. The yaw angle (the angle between a rotor axis and wind direction) can exceed 100°i n these situations [1]. Typically, a passive yaw system using a tail fin is employed for these small wind turbines.…”

MPPT and yawing control of a new horizontal-axis wind turbine with two parallel-connected generators

“…(8) where , e r and , e y are electrical torques from the generators. (9) where s L and s R are the stator internal inductance and resistance, respectively and v, i, and E represent stator voltage, current, and Back-EMF, respectively.…”

“…This structure enables us to install the generators on the ground like VAWTs without additional yaw mechanism [6]- [9]. Thus, the proposed structure inherits merits of both types.…”

Comparative Analysis of Taper and Taperless Blade Design for Ocean Wind Turbines in Ciheras Coastline, West Java

“…A new type of airfoil was designed from low Reynolds number airfoils based on their aerodynamic performance [5], The Seagull Airfoil has been developed using the results of a foreign bionic experimental airfoil. This investigation showed that the seagull airfoil was suitable for small-scale horizontal wind turbines [6], The blade design has been developed from a combination of two airfoils FX66-S-196 and 8], The 3 kW horizontal wind turbine has been developed using the NACA 4418 [9], --ω Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan, 18(1) (2021): [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Airfoil characteristics are studied to be applied to horizontal wind turbines experimentally. Experimental studies have been carried out on the thin airfoil SG series thin airfoils (SG6040 SG6043) for small-scale wind turbines [10], Experimentally, the AF300 airfoil was tested in the wind tunnel to compare the performance of 8 other airfoils [11], Besides the airfoil aspect, the yaw characteristic of the horizontal wind turbine has also been analyzed experimentally using a model with a diameter of 1 m [12], The horizontal wind turbine has been installed, and its performance has been analyzed in several locations around Nepal [13].…”