Yellow-to-blue switching of indole[3,2-b]carbazole-based electrochromic polymers and the corresponding electrochromic devices with outstanding photopic contrast, fast switching speed, and satisfactory cycling stability

Review: smart windows based on photonic crystals

“…The essence of this discoloration is the difference in optical performance (transmittance, reflectance and absorptivity) due to the change in the valence state of ions [77][78][79][80]. The performance indexes for evaluating electrochromic smart windows are mainly optical contrast, response time, coloring efficiency and cycling stability [81][82][83]. Optical contrast is the most basic performance index of electrochromic materials, which refers to the difference in optical transmittance of an electrochromic material in colored state and bleached state.…”

Design and Characterization of New D–A Type Electrochromic Conjugated Copolymers Based on Indolo[3,2-b]Carbazole, Isoindigo and Thiophene Units

“…All the reaction reagents and solvents were all purchased directly from commercial sources and used without further purification unless specifically noted. The monomer M1 and M2 were synthesized according to the reported synthetic procedures in the literatures with slightly modification [17,22]. The synthetic details and characterization data of the monomers M1, M2 have been reported previously in our group [22].…”

“…The monomer M1 and M2 were synthesized according to the reported synthetic procedures in the literatures with slightly modification [17,22]. The synthetic details and characterization data of the monomers M1, M2 have been reported previously in our group [22]. 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene and (E)-6,6’-dibromo-1,1’-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-[3,3’-biindolinylidene]-2,2’-dione were directly purchased from commercial resources (Derthon Optoelectronic Materials Science Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China) and used without further purification.…”

“…The obtained materials showed reversible near-infrared electrochromic and electroluminochromic properties with a high emission quantum yield of 30% [16]; Mula S et al compared three kinds of ICZ-based complexes and the materials illustrated adjustable features and promising application in functional materials by density functional calculation [18]; Ethylbenzene, octyloxylbenzene, ethyloxylbenzene, and N , N -diethylaniline units were introduced to ICZ-based conjugate structure, the results illustrated wide absorption range and good light-harvesting ability in solar cells [19]. Our group and other researchers synthesized versatile ICZ derivatives to obtain functional conjugate structures and investigated their charge transporting, hole-transporting abilities and electrochromic properties in devices [20,21,22]. In addition, indolo[3,2-b]carbazole derivatives have been widely used as excellent organic lighting-emitting diodes (OLED) or organic field-effect transistors (OFEDs) due to their excellent hole-transporting properties.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel D-A Type Neutral Blue Electrochromic Polymers Containing Pyrrole[3-c]Pyrrole-1,4-Diketone as the Acceptor Units and the Aromatics Donor Units with Different Planar Structures

“…These characteristics make them a rapid development in the fields of organic field-effect transistors (OFET) [2], electrochromic devices [3], organic Li-ion batteries [4], solar cells [5], polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) [6], and so on. Being an important research field of conjugated polymers, the electrochromism (EC) material can generate stable and reversible changes in color and transmittance with the application of an external voltage, which has attracted extensive explorations [7]. Compared with the traditional inorganic electrochromic materials, the advantages of conjugated polymers include higher coloration efficiency [8], shorter switching times, multiple colorations, fine-tunability of the band gap, feasibility of large-scale device production [9], and thin film flexibility [10].…”