Yellowing disease of tomato caused by Tomato chlorosis virus newly recognized in Japan

Abstract

In 2008, virus-like symptoms of yellowing, interveinal chlorosis, leaf curling and necrotic fleck were observed on greenhouse-tomato plants (Solanum esculentum) in Tochigi Prefecture. The symptomatology and the characteristics of the causal agent such as whitefly transmissibility and particle morphology are similar to those for Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), species of the genus Crinivirus in the family Closteroviridae. Sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products using the degenerate primers for heat shock protein 70 homolog genes of closteroviruses and specific primers for TICV and ToCV indicated that the virus was ToCV, that has not previously been reported in Japan.

Identification of natural weed hosts of Tomato chlorosis virus in Korea by RT-PCR with root tissues

“…3, Table 1). These positive results might reflect (Trenado et al 2007;Kataya et al 2008;Hirota et al 2010); however, our current observations suggest that shoot tissues are not good materials for the detection of viruses that are transmitted by insect vectors. According to previous studies on natural or experimental hosts of ToCV, 19 species (Capsicum annuum, Cyphomandra betacea, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. edwardsoni, N. glutinosa, N. megalosiphon, N. tabacum, Petunia hybrida, Physalis alkekengi, P. ixocarpa, P. peruviana, P. wrightii, Solanum acaule, S. lycopersicum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum and S. tuberosum) out of 36 ToCV hosts belong to the Solanaceae family (Wisler et al 1998b;Wintermantel et al 2001;Font et al 2004;Lozano et al 2004;Segev et al 2004;Wintermantel and Wisler 2006;Alvarez-Ruiz et al 2007;Trenado et al 2007; Barbosa et al 2010;Vargas et al 2011).…”

“…Since the first report of ToCV was published by researchers in the United States in 1998, the virus has been reported in many countries across Europe, the Middle East, the Americas and Africa (Accotto et al 2001;Font et al 2004;Segev et al 2004;Dalmon et al 2005;Alvarez-Ruiz et al 2007; Barbosa et al 2008;Fiallo-Olivé et al 2011). In northeast Asia, the occurrence of ToCV was reported in China, Taiwan and Japan (Tsai et al 2004;Hirota et al 2010;Zhao et al 2013), but was not recorded in Korea until 2013. In Korea, the sweet potato whitefly B. tabaci is now distributed throughout the south part of Korean peninsula, transmitting viruses such as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) (Kil et al 2014). Even though the greenhouse whitefly T. vaporariorum has also spread over the nation, no viral transmission by greenhouse whitefly has been reported in Korea.…”

DETEKSI MOLEKULER PENYEBAB PENYAKIT KUNING (Tomato chlorosis virus DAN Tomato infectious chlorosis virus) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT (MOLECULAR DETECTION CAUSED YELLOWING DISEASE (Tomato chlorosis virus AND Tomato infectious chlorosis virus) ON TOMATOES)

“…TICV telah menyebabkan kehilangan hasil mencapai 2 juta USD di Calfornia, Amerika Serikat (Wisler et al, 1997). Kedua virus ini juga telah dilaporkan menyerang tanaman tomat di Yunani (Dovas et al, 2002) dan Jepang (Hirota et al, 2010), ToCV dilaporkan di Portugal (Louro et al, 2000) dan Italia (Accoto et al, 2001). Di Indonesia, ToCV dan TICV termasuk virus baru dan sudah mulai menyebar luas di berbagai daerah penghasil tomat (Hartono & Wijonarko, 2007).…”

Species Discrimination of Three Commercially Available Whitefly Parasitoids, Encarsia formosa Gahan, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich and Er. mundus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), by DNA Markers

“…Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Perring, 2001 Sugiyama et al, 2008;Iida et al, 2009;Matsuura and Hoshino, 2009;Hirota et al, 2010 Encarsia formosa Gahan…”