Yeraltı Boşluk Tasarımı Fikirlerinin Geliştirilmesinde Sanat Eğitimi

Abstract

Humans need numerous raw materials to compensate for their covering, protection, and energy requirements. Anything obtained from the earth is either mined or grown. Considering excavation and mining operations for different purposes leads people to different design parameters. Living in the underground for civil purposes has its conditions to think about. Caves, abandoned mines, and new purposely opened underground excavations could be used for civil engineering purposes. Rock masses around underground openings opened for any purpose have rock-based structural features besides those originating from excavation operations. Therefore, engineers and designers working on underground space design projects should be ready to deal with them by enhancing their design ability, including their creative thinking. Concentrating on creative arts has usually been mentioned first to improve the original thinking capacity of designers. Uncertain conditions in engineering facts have forced designers to formulate their own solutions by accepting certain risks. Designing futuristic living spaces in/on rock masses needs creative thinking of workers, engineers, scientists, architects, artists, designers, etc. Moreover, skills and knowledge obtained from excavating and using historical underground cities, caves, tunnels, and underground mines for several purposes are also available for evaluation by creative designers. Combining those experiences with rock and soil engineering knowledge improves engineering designs' efficiency. Art and its education play an essential role in enhancing designers' imaginations and thinking capacities. Art's positive impacts on engineering creativity are discussed here to point out the importance of art and art education.

The Impact of Turkish-Soviet Diplomatic Crisis on the American Foreign Policy (1945-1947)

“…Kimi yorumculara göre ABD'nin bir nükleer güce dönüşmüş olması, SSCB'nin ise hala bu silahları üretememiş olması da caydırıcı bir faktördü. 114 SSCB Türkiye'yi ikili masaya oturmaya ikna edememiş, Montreux'nün revizyonu için bir uluslararası konferans dışında seçenek kalmamıştı. 24 Eylül'de son bir hamle daha yaparak 22 Ağustos'ta Türkiye'nin 7 Ağustos tarihli Sovyet önerilerini içeren notaya verdiği yanıta istinaden yeni bir nota yayınladı.…”