Yield and Composition Analysis of Vietnamese Lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) Essential Oils Obtained from Hydrodistillation and Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation

Abstract

In this study, the essential oils from lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) peels were extracted using hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and their volatile compositions were compared via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MHD) achieved the oil yield of 2.48% at microwave power of 470W and extraction time of 60 min. The yield obtained using conventional hydrodistillation (HD) was 2.2% at 90 min at 120 °C. GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 17 and 8 components existing in the oil samples produced by MHD and HD methods respectively. The main components shared by both samples were limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-cymene, ocimene, and sabinene. Overall, these results suggest that MHD could produce lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) peels essential oil at a higher yield within a shortened period of time as compared to the traditional HD, thus it could be used as an alternative for HD to reduce costs of the extraction process.

Evaluation of Influencing Factors and Technological Processes for the Production of Orange Essential Oil (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>) on Equipment Semi-industrial Distillation

“…Therefore, the highest yield of essential oil was obtained at 1.63 (mL/g) with a ratio of material:water of 1:3 (g/g). This ratio is also consistent with previous studies on the distillation of Citrus essential oils, such as Tran et al [13] on the distillation of Citrus latifolia essential oil; or by Ngo et al [22] on the distillation of Citrus aurantifolia essential oil.…”

“…Fig. 2(c-d) was presented the surveying temperature conditions from 120 to 150 °C, which is consistent with many previous studies on optimizing the extraction process of Citrus essential oils such as Tran et al [13], Ngo et al [22], and Phat et al [23]. The results from Fig.…”

The effect of different hydrodistillation times on the composition and yield of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel essential oil and a comparison of the cold‐pressing method

“…The selection of the extraction method depends on the properties of the components desired to be obtained 33 . Essential oil production may differ according to factors such as distillation method and extraction device 34–38 . It is stated that in the production of essential oil from some medicinal and aromatic plants, products with different compositions can be obtained depending on the distillation time 39–45 …”

“…33 Essential oil production may differ according to factors such as distillation method and extraction device. [34][35][36][37][38] It is stated that in the production of essential oil from some medicinal and aromatic plants, products with different compositions can be obtained depending on the distillation time. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45] However, no study has been found on the effects of such an application on the composition of essential oil in Citrus oils.…”

Research methods of refined oil from peel calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) from Tien Giang Province, Vietnam

“…Citrus essential oil has a pleasant aroma, high levels of Limonene and is widely used in foods and cosmetics [1][2][3][4][5]. Recent studies have also shown that Limonene also dissolve stones, and destroy tumors so it can be used in medicine [6][7][8][9][10][11]. In Vietnam, especially in the Mekong River Delta, including Dong Thap province, another species of Citrus in the Rutaceae family (orange family) is kink, the common is Citrus japonica Thunb.…”