Yield Estimation from Surface-wave Amplitudes

Stevens, J. L.; Murphy, John

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8310-8_13

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Regression analysis on a compilation of log[ I ]‐ M s observations for nuclear explosions is consistent with this prediction [ Patton , 2001, see Figure 4.5]. For a smaller ensemble made up of just Pahute Mesa explosions, linear regression of log[ I ] versus MLE M s values reported by Stevens and Murphy [2001] gives a slope of 1.18 ± 0.05 in good agreement with 1.12 ± 0.04 from Patton [2001].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The apparent explosion moment: Inferences of volumetric moment due to source medium damage by underground nuclear explosions

Patton

Taylor

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Classical explosion source theory relates isotropic seismic moment to the steady state level of the reduced displacement potential. The theoretical isotropic moment for an incompressible source region M t is proportional to cavity volume V c created by pressurization of materials around the point of energy release. Source medium damage due to nonlinear deformations caused by the explosion will also induce volume change V d and radiate seismic waves as volumetric, double-couple, and compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) body force systems. A new source model is presented where K is a relative measure of moment M CLVD with respect to the net moment from volumetric sources V c and V d . K values from moment tensor inversions steadily decrease from ∼2.5 at lower yields to ∼1.0 for the highest-yield shots on Pahute Mesa. A value of 1.0 implies M CLVD = 0 and, by inference, small V d . We hypothesize that the extent to which damage adds (or subtracts) volumetric moment is controlled by material properties and dynamics of stress wave rebound, shock wave interactions with the free surface, gravitational unloading, and slapdown of spalled near-surface layers. This hypothesis is tested by comparing measurements of isotropic momentM I with estimates of M t based on V c scaling relationships and velocity-density models. The results support the hypothesis and the conclusion thatM I represents the "apparent explosion moment" since it has contributions from direct effects due to cavity formation and indirect effects due to material damage. Implications for yield estimation usingM I are discussed in general and for the North Korean tests.Citation: Patton, H. J., and S. R. Taylor (2011), The apparent explosion moment: Inferences of volumetric moment due to source medium damage by underground nuclear explosions,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The apparent explosion moment: Inferences of volumetric moment due to source medium damage by underground nuclear explosions

Patton

Taylor

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…On the other hand, most PNEs plot above the relation due to Stevens and Murphy (2001) used by M13. This fact poses serious difficulties for the veracity of this relation.…”

Section: Re-evaluation Of Surface-wave Excitation By Dprk Testsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Comment on "Advanced Seismic Analyses of the Source Characteristics of the 2006 and 2009 North Korean Nuclear Tests" by J. R. Murphy, J. L. Stevens, B. C. Kohl, and T. J. Bennett

Patton

Pabian

2014

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…A number of methods have been employed to estimate the seismological yields of underground nuclear explosions based on the surface‐wave magnitude (e.g., Nuttli, ; Stevens and Murphy, ; Zhao LF et al, ; Bonner et al, ). The shock wave generated by an air burst, however, attenuates rapidly as it propagates through the atmosphere, and coupling between the atmosphere and solid ground is very weak.…”

Section: Estimating the Yield Of The Bolide Explosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic characteristics of the 15 February 2013 bolide explosion in Chelyabinsk, Russia

Wei

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2018

Earth and Planetary Physics

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The seismological characteristics of the 15 February 2013 Chelyabinsk bolide explosion are investigated based on seismograms recorded at 50 stations with epicentral distances ranging from 229 to 4324 km. By using 8–25 s vertical‐component Rayleigh waveforms, we obtain a surface‐wave magnitude of 4.17±0.31 for this event. According to the relationship among the Rayleigh‐wave magnitude, burst height and explosive yield, the explosion yield is estimated to be 686 kt. Using a single‐force source to fit the observed Rayleigh waveforms, we obtain a single force of 1.03×1012 N, which is equivalent to the impact from the shock wave generated by the bolide explosion.

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Yield Estimation from Surface-wave Amplitudes

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

The apparent explosion moment: Inferences of volumetric moment due to source medium damage by underground nuclear explosions

The apparent explosion moment: Inferences of volumetric moment due to source medium damage by underground nuclear explosions

Comment on "Advanced Seismic Analyses of the Source Characteristics of the 2006 and 2009 North Korean Nuclear Tests" by J. R. Murphy, J. L. Stevens, B. C. Kohl, and T. J. Bennett

Seismic characteristics of the 15 February 2013 bolide explosion in Chelyabinsk, Russia

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