Yield Response of Biodiesel Production from Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis of Milk Bush Seed (Thevetia peruviana) Oil

Abstract

Conventional production of biodiesel employs the use of alkaline catalysts because they are cheaper and less corrosive, and they use minimal energy when compared to other acidic catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts have also shown significant effects on biodiesel production with its ease of recovery and reusability. Three reaction variables-temperature, time, and molar ratio of alcohol to oil-were optimized for biodiesel production from milk bush oil using snail shell as a catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by calcinating waste giant African land snail in an electric oven for 3.5 hours at 900°C. Also, a control transesterification experiment was carried out using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst. Catalyst concentrations of 3.0 wt % of calcined snail shell (CSS) and KOH were used for the transesterification of the oil. A response surface analysis of biodiesel production using CSS as a catalyst showed that all reaction variables were significant. Biodiesel yield of 81% was recorded experimentally as the highest yield when temperature, reaction time, and alcohol-to-oil ratio were 65°C, 2 hours, and 9:1, respectively. An average yield of 94.33% was obtained at these same reaction conditions when KOH was used as a catalyst.

Comparison of CaO-NPs and Chicken Eggshell-Derived CaO in the Production of Biodiesel from Schinziophyton rautanenii (Mongongo) Nut Oil

“…A catalyst plays a major role in transesterification reaction. ey are normally used in order to improve the rate of reaction, yield, and quality of biodiesel produced [18,19]. Transesterification can be performed either by using homogenous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic catalyst [20,21].…”

“…Homogeneous catalysts are normally used in commercial processes and exist in the same phase as the reactants. ey are divided into acid catalysts (hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), sulfonic acid, and phosphoric acid) or basic catalysts (potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium methoxide (KOCH 3 ), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium methoxide (NaOCH 3 ) [19,20]. Homogeneous alkaline catalysts are more efficient as compared to homogenous acid catalysts and are a reason why they are the most preferred in the process of transesterification.…”

A Facile Approach for the Synthesis of SrTiO3/g‐C3N4 Photo‐catalyst and its Efficacy in Biodiesel Production

“…On the other hand, there was a slight decrease in WFOME yield (91 %) as the temperature raised to 75 °C while there was a sharp decrease in WFOME yield (73 %) as temperature further raised to 85 °C. this is because higher temperature reduces the availability of methanol due to its evaporation [24] . Hence, the maximum yield of WFOME was obtained at 65 °C.…”

Potential of Andean lupine (Lupinus mutabilis) for biodiesel production via methanolic route: A review

“…[58][59][60][61][62] De acordo com o catalisador utilizado, a transesterificação é classificada como homogênea alcalina, homogênea ácida, heterogênea, enzimática e com fluidos supercríticos. [63][64][65] Em razão da transesterificação ser o procedimento mais usado industrialmente para a obtenção de biodiesel a partir de óleos vegetais, uma proposta com as diferentes etapas para produzir o biocombustível a partir de óleo refinado de lupino encontra-se ilustrada na Figura 7. O processo começa com a etapa de homogeneização, onde os reagentes são misturados a fim de contribuir com a miscibilidade do sistema e garantir o contato dos reagentes. Em seguida, por meio da reação de transesterificação, é obtido o biodiesel.…”