Yield stress during setting of cement pastes from penetration tests

Lootens, Didier; Jousset, Pierre; Martinie, Laëtitia; Roussel, Nicolas; Flatt, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.01.012

Cited by 200 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…After this linear increase period which lasts up to 60 min, the rate of yield stress increase speeds up [21,25,26]. It would therefore appear that there is a nonnegligible linear increase of the solid volume fraction which leads to an exponential increase in yield stress.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural built-up of cement-based materials used for 3D-printing extrusion techniques

2015

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Additive manufacturing and digital fabrication bring new horizons to concrete and cementbased material construction. 3D printing inspired construction techniques that have recently been developed at laboratory scale for cement-based materials. This study aims to investigate the role of the structural build-up properties of cement-based materials in such a layer by layer construction technique. As construction progresses, the cement-based materials become harder with time. The mechanical strength of the cement-based materials must be sufficient to sustain the weight of the layers subsequently deposited. It follows that the comparison of the mechanical strength, which evolves with time (i.e. structural buildup), with the loading due to layers subsequently deposited, can be expected to provide the optimal rate of layer by layer construction. A theoretical framework has been developed to propose a method of optimization of the building rate, which is experimentally validated in a layer-wise built column.

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Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural built-up of cement-based materials used for 3D-printing extrusion techniques

2015

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“…The hardening and setting of cementitious materials is usually determined with empirical tests (Lootens et al, 2009). The setting of the SCCC was measured with a penetrometer, which is a device that drives a needle at a given speed and measures the force required to continue over time.…”

Section: Setting Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Compacted Clay based Concrete (SCCC): proof-of-concept

Ouellet-Plamondon

Habert

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Construction using earth is gaining interest in developed countries, whereas this practice is common in Africa and was more common in Europe 200 years ago. The forecasted increasing demand for cement in emerging countries has created the need for alternative building materials. In this study, recent cement and concrete technologies are transferred to earthen constructions to create a SelfCompacted Clay Concrete. We showed that the use of a superplasticizer (SP) with earth alone reduced the yield stress and was more efficient when cement was added. The optimal rheology was reached with 1% polycarboxylate ethers superplastizer and 5% calcium sulfoaluminate cement. The setting was studied with a digital penetrometer. The accelerated phase of the CSA hydration occurred within 6 hours only when 5% of CSA was in the earth mixture. Cement transformed the interstitial liquid water between particles into chemically bound water that did not affect the flow in the fresh state. Mechanical tests on the dried self-compacting-clay concrete showed that the compressive strength was increased by a factor of four when reducing the initial water content. The compressive strength of earth material is known to vary with the dry density and the clay content in the compressed earth block. The novelty of our approach is that the identical results can be achieved with a material poured in a formwork rather than compacted. Finally, the carbon footprint of the solution was evaluated, and the results show that this new material is competitive with current construction techniques. AbstractConstruction using earth is gaining interest in developed countries, whereas this practice is common in Africa and was more common in Europe 200 years ago. The forecasted increasing demand for cement in emerging countries has created the need for alternative building materials. In this study, recent cement and concrete technologies are transferred to earthen constructions to create a Self-Compacted Clay Concrete. We showed that the use of a superplasticizer (SP) with earth alone reduced the yield stress and was more efficient when cement was added. The optimal rheology was reached with 1% polycarboxylate ethers superplastizer and 5% calcium sulfoaluminate cement. The setting was studied with a digital penetrometer. The accelerated phase of the CSA hydration occurred within 6 hours only when 5% of CSA was in the earth mixture. Cement transformed the interstitial liquid water between particles into chemically bound water that did not affect the flow in the fresh state.Mechanical tests on the dried self-compacting-clay concrete showed that the compressive strength was increased by a factor of four when reducing the initial water content. The compressive strength of earth material is known to vary with the dry density and the clay content in the compressed earth block. The novelty of our approach is that the identical results can be achieved with a material poured in a formwork rather than compacted. Finally, the carbon footprint of the solution was ...

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“…Non-destructive methods such as ultrasound propagation have been used to monitor the early age changes in rheological properties induced by cement hydration, by examining the changes in shear wave reflection through Portland cement (Lootens et al 2009, Müller et al 1999, Voigt and Shah 2004. The evolution of the storage and loss shear moduli of cement paste as a function of time was related to cement hydration and product formation (Jupe et al, 2012).…”

Section: Preprint Version Of Accepted Article Please Cite Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolution of the storage and loss shear moduli of cement paste as a function of time was related to cement hydration and product formation (Jupe et al, 2012). Mixing-free methods with continually changing shear regions such as penetrometry (Amziane and Ferraris 2007, Bernal et al 2011, Lootens et al 2009, Sant et al 2008) have also been introduced to measure the time-resolved yield stress of evolving cementitious materials.…”

Section: Preprint Version Of Accepted Article Please Cite Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved yield stress measurement of evolving materials using a creeping sphere

Kashani

Provis

Deventer³

et al. 2015

Rheol Acta

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Physico-chemical phenomena influenced by aging or reaction can result in rheological changes across several orders of magnitude, but the classical rheometry methods available for analysis of concentrated suspensions can face challenges in correctly measuring the yield stress of aging/reacting (evolving) materials and need some precautions to enable precise measurement of the evolution of the yield stress with time. Here, a creeping sphere method has been applied to measure time-resolved yield stress; the force required to pull a solid sphere at very low velocity is used to calculate yield stress using previous analytical solutions for local flow of a creeping sphere in yield stress materials. The measured yield stress values agree well with the data recorded using vane-in-cup geometry for timeindependent measurements using Carbopol gel. The creeping sphere is less affected by shear history because of the constantly changing shear region, and therefore measures yield stress changes in evolving materials such as cement for a long time period in a single run, without altering ongoing structural network bond formation.

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Yield stress during setting of cement pastes from penetration tests

Cited by 200 publications

References 13 publications

Structural built-up of cement-based materials used for 3D-printing extrusion techniques

Structural built-up of cement-based materials used for 3D-printing extrusion techniques

Self-Compacted Clay based Concrete (SCCC): proof-of-concept

Time-resolved yield stress measurement of evolving materials using a creeping sphere

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