You Are What You (First) Eat

Buchanan, Kelly; Bohórquez, Diego V.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00323

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…These results reveal that the jejunal L-cell population appears between E17 and E19, when the embryo ingests its amniotic fluid 1,2,12,13 , and fully matures after hatch, when exogenous feeding begins. This indicates synchronization between the development of enteroendocrine function in the small intestine and primary nutritional stimulation in chick embryos, as has been described in mammals 44 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Intra-amniotic administration of l-glutamine promotes intestinal maturation and enteroendocrine stimulation in chick embryos

Reicher

Melkman-Zehavi

Dayan

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Initial nutritional stimulation is a key driving force for small intestinal maturation. In chick embryos, administration of l-glutamine (Gln) into the amniotic fluid stimulates early development of the small intestinal epithelium by promoting enterocyte differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of intra-amniotic administration of Gln on enterocyte morphology and function, and elucidated a potential enteroendocrine pathway through which Gln stimulates small intestinal maturation. Our results show that Gln stimulation at embryonic day 17 significantly increased enterocyte and microvilli dimensions by 10 and 20%, respectively, within 48 h. Post-hatch, enterocytes and microvilli were 20% longer in Gln-treated chicks. Correspondingly, Gln stimulation significantly upregulated mRNA expression of brush border nutrient transporters PepT-1 and SGLT-1 and tight junction proteins TJP-1 and TJP-2, before and after hatch (P < 0.05). Since GLP-2 signaling from intestinal L-cells is associated with enterocyte growth, functionality and integrity, we examined the effects of Gln stimulation on mRNA expression of key hormones and receptors within this enteroendocrine pathway and found significant increases in GLP-2R, IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression before and after hatch (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings link primary nutrient stimulation in the developing small intestine with enterocyte morphological and functional maturation and enteroendocrine signaling.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Intra-amniotic administration of l-glutamine promotes intestinal maturation and enteroendocrine stimulation in chick embryos

Reicher

Melkman-Zehavi

Dayan

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These results reveal that the jejunal L-cell population appears between E17 and E19, when the embryo ingests its amniotic uid [1,2,12,13], and fully matures after hatch, when exogenous feeding begins. This indicates synchronization between the development of enteroendocrine function in the small intestine and primary nutritional stimulation in chick embryos, as has been described in mammals [43].…”

Section: G)supporting

confidence: 76%

Intra-Amniotic Administration of l-Glutamine Promotes Intestinal Maturation And Enteroendocrine Stimulation In Chick Embryos

Reicher

Melkman-Zehavi

Dayan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Initial nutritional stimulation is a key driving force for small intestinal maturation, and is mediated by enteroendocrine L-cells signaling. In chick embryos, administration of specific nutrients into the amniotic fluid stimulates early development of the small intestine. In this study, we examined the effects of intra-amniotic administration of l-glutamine (Gln) on enterocyte morphological and functional maturation and L-cell signaling before and after hatch. Gln stimulation at embryonic day 17 caused an increase in enterocyte and microvilli dimensions by 10 and 20%, respectively, within 48h. Post-hatch, enterocytes and microvilli were 20% longer in Gln-treated chicks. Correspondingly, mRNA expression of brush border nutrient transporters PepT-1 and SGLT-1 and tight junction proteins TJP-1, TJP-2 and Occludin was significantly upregulated before and after hatch (P<0.05) in Gln-treated chicks. We then evaluated the effects of Gln stimulation on enteroendocrine signaling by locating L-cells in the developing jejunum and observed significant increases in mRNA expression of L-cell signaling components GLP-2R, IGF-1 and IGF-1R before and after hatch, in response to Gln stimulation (P<0.05). Our findings link primary nutrient stimulation of L-cells to enterocyte morphological and functional maturation and provide a model for investigating the effects of specific nutrients on enteroendocrine signaling in the developing small intestine.

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“…Indeed, if, on the one hand, the maternal microbiota directly affects pregnancy by influencing the intrauterine environment, the vaginal environment and the risk of preterm birth; on the other hand, it would also seem to affect the nascent microbiota of the offspring, with equally important consequences ( 94 , 95 ). In fact, it is now established that an alteration of the intestinal microbiota in the early stages of development is related to modifications of the immune system, inflammatory, allergic and metabolic diseases ( 96 – 98 ). Moreover, the fact that the third component of breast milk, unlike all other mammalian species, is represented by oligosaccharides (Human Milk Oligosaccharides, HMOs), specific compounds with a marked prebiotic action, supports the importance of the intestinal bacterial flora from the beginning of life ( 99 ).…”

Section: Microbiota In Children Of Diabetic Mothersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic profiles and microbiota of GDM offspring: The key for future perspective?

et al. 2022

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or any degree of glucose intolerance recognized for the first time during pregnancy, is one of the diseases that most frequently aggravates the course of gestation. Missed or late diagnosis and inadequate treatment are associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity, with possible short- and long-term repercussions. Estimates on the prevalence of GDM are alarming and increasing by about 30% in the last 10–20 years. In addition, there is the negative influence of the SARS-CoV-2 emergency on the glycemic control of pregnant women, making the matter increasingly topical. To date, knowledge on the metabolic maturation of newborns is still incomplete. However, in light of the considerable progress of the theory of “developmental origins of health and disease,” the relevant role of the intrauterine environment cannot be overlooked. In fact, due to the high plasticity of the early stages of development, some detrimental metabolic alterations during fetal growth, including maternal hyperglycemia, are associated with a higher incidence of chronic diseases in adult life. In this context, metabolomic analysis which allows to obtain a detailed phenotypic portrait through the dynamic detection of all metabolites in cells, tissues and different biological fluids could be very useful for the early diagnosis and prevention of complications. Indeed, if the diagnostic timing is optimized through the identification of specific metabolites, the detailed understanding of the altered metabolic pathway could also allow better management and more careful monitoring, also from a nutritional profile, of the more fragile children. In this context, a further contribution derives from the analysis of the intestinal microbiota, the main responsible for the fecal metabolome, given its alteration in pregnancies complicated by GDM and the possibility of transmission to offspring. The purpose of this review is to analyze the available data regarding the alterations in the metabolomic profile and microbiota of the offspring of mothers with GDM in order to highlight future prospects for reducing GDM-related complications in children of mothers affected by this disorder.

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You Are What You (First) Eat

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

Intra-amniotic administration of l-glutamine promotes intestinal maturation and enteroendocrine stimulation in chick embryos

Intra-amniotic administration of l-glutamine promotes intestinal maturation and enteroendocrine stimulation in chick embryos

Intra-Amniotic Administration of l-Glutamine Promotes Intestinal Maturation And Enteroendocrine Stimulation In Chick Embryos

Metabolomic profiles and microbiota of GDM offspring: The key for future perspective?

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