At present, a number of researchers conclude that at low levels of the class structure there is so-called 'Precariat', characterized by a low level of capital. Agreeing with this, modern research is devoted to identifying the features of the 'Precariat', manifested in national and sectoral labor markets. The purpose of this paper is to try to answer the question whether 'Precariat' is a social and economic problem for Russia or whether it is a new reality. Considering the stability of employment, the main sources of wages or various groups of the population and the number of these groups, the authors came to the conclusion that, in fact, the main social problem is not the 'Precariat', but the phenomenon that the authors called 'Dependiat' (derived from the word 'dependents'). The 'Dependiat' is characterized by employment of a significant group of population, whose income is permanent, stable and depends mainly on the national budget.