YSO, LSO, GSO and LGSO. A study of energy resolution and nonproportionality

Balcerzyk, Marcin; Moszyński, M.; Kapusta, M.; Wolski, D.; Pawelke, Jörg; Melcher, Charles L.

doi:10.1109/23.872971

Cited by 152 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This short time is due to the heat flux of the thermal and of the runaway electrons causing damage of the probe. In the results presented the probe was higher than 100 keV [17], a similar result can be expected for electrons in the same energy range. A possible influence by neutrons produced in (γ, n) photo-nuclear reactions, when a runaway electron hits the graphite wall of the probe or of the carbon limiter, can be neglected, since the YSO is a low Z material and is only sensitive to γ, e − and e + particles.…”

supporting

confidence: 72%

“…2 b); ii) all electrons registered by the crystal produce the same light output. The second condition is fulfilled by the characteristics of the crystal [17] and due to the fact that electrons with energies in the measured energy range lost almost the same amount of energy in the crystal. The minimum detected energy has been defined under the assumption that the absorbed energy reduces by a factor of ten.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral measurements of runaway electrons by a scanning probe in the TEXTOR tokamak

Kudyakov

Finken

Jakubowski

et al. 2008

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Energy spectral measurements of runaway electrons were performed by a scanning probe with high spatial and temporal resolution in the TEXTOR tokamak. The probe consists of 10 YSO (Y 2 SiO 5 : Ce) crystals, which are shielded by tungsten filters. The probe can resolve electrons with different energies between 4 MeV and 30 MeV. An insertion of the probe to the plasma boundary several times during the discharge allowed spectral measurements of runaway electrons at different minor radial positions at the plasma edge as well as the study of runaways production in time. The high temporal resolution of the probe, 0.05 ms, enabled measurements of runaway electrons not only during low density discharges, but also during plasma disruptions.Theoretical and experimental studies of runaway electrons have been made in most of the known tokamaks for the last few decades. The main interest to study superthermal electrons is mostly defined by the enormous heat flux coming to plasma facing materials with a runaway current produced during a plasma disruption. The large heat fluxes can damage the wall of large fusion machines such as JT60-U, JET and especially of ITER [1].The main processes responsible for the production of runaway electrons were introduced in [2,3] for the first time.The conventional or primary generation process of runaway electrons and the corresponding production rate were described in [2,[4][5][6][7]. More recently another process -avalanching or secondary generation of runaway electrons and the related production rate were presented in [3,[8][9][10]. In the secondary process, the runaway electrons are generated due to the interaction of runaway electrons with thermal electrons.

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supporting

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral measurements of runaway electrons by a scanning probe in the TEXTOR tokamak

Kudyakov

Finken

Jakubowski

et al. 2008

Review of Scientific Instruments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is an evidence of crystal inhomogeneity that is inherent to this material 18 [40]. The literature values for LSO range from 7.3 to 12.4 % at 662 KeV [39,41]. The energy resolution between 12 and 20% (at 511 KeV) was indicated in earlier publication [40].…”

Section: Energy Resolution and Afterglowmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Concerning orthosilicates, non-proportionality of GSO is comparable with LGSO with 20% Lu and much better than that of LSO [43]. In contrast, the LGSO with 90% of Lu showed poorer non-proportionality than that of LSO [41]. We checked the non-proportionality in LGSO with LSO-type structure in wide range of Lu concentration in host.…”

Section: Energy Resolution and Afterglowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–Property Correlations in a Ce-Doped (Lu,Gd)₂SiO₅:Ce Scintillator

Sidletskiy

Belsky

Gektin

et al. 2012

Crystal Growth & Design

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Full concentration range of Lu 2x Gd 2-2x SiO 5 (LGSO:Ce) crystals was grown by the Czochralski method. Dependence of scintillation properties on composition (х) in the range of solid solutions is established. It was determined that LGSO:Ce scintillation yield increases in the range 0.3<х< 0.8 and reaches 29000 phot/MeV at 60% of Lu in the host (x=0.6), and energy resolution improves up to 6.7 % at 662 KeV. The observed light yield increase, surprisingly high Ce

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“…The highthroughput of SLYNCI will allow us to study the electron responses of many different scintillators in a reasonable time frame. These studies will eventually lead to a deeper understanding of the nature of the light-yield nonproportionality, which is generally accepted as limiting the energy resolution that can be attained with a specific scintillator [2][3][4][5][6]. This paper presents validation studies, the analysis method, and compares the SLYNCI electron response measurement of NaI:Tl with a previous measurement by Rooney and Valentine [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a Facility for Measuring Scintillator Non-Proportionality

Choong

Hull

Moses

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-We have constructed a second-generationCompton coincidence instrument, known as the Scintillator Light Yield Non-proportionality Characterization Instrument (SLYNCI), to characterize the electron response of scintillating materials. While the SLYNCI design includes more and higher efficiency HPGe detectors than the original apparatus (five 25%-30% detectors vs. one 10% detector), the most novel feature is that no collimator is placed in front of the HPGe detectors. Because of these improvements, the SLYNCI data collection rate is over 30 times higher than the original instrument. In this paper, we present a validation study of this instrument, reporting on the hardware implementation, calibration, and performance. We discuss the analysis method and present measurements of the electron response of NaI:Tl from two different samples. We also discuss the systematic errors of the measurement, especially those that are unique to SLYNCI. We find that the apparatus is very stable, but that careful attention must be paid to the energy calibration of the HPGe detectors.

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YSO, LSO, GSO and LGSO. A study of energy resolution and nonproportionality

Cited by 152 publications

References 20 publications

Spectral measurements of runaway electrons by a scanning probe in the TEXTOR tokamak

Spectral measurements of runaway electrons by a scanning probe in the TEXTOR tokamak

Structure–Property Correlations in a Ce-Doped (Lu,Gd)₂SiO₅:Ce Scintillator

Performance of a Facility for Measuring Scintillator Non-Proportionality

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YSO, LSO, GSO and LGSO. A study of energy resolution and nonproportionality

Cited by 152 publications

References 20 publications

Spectral measurements of runaway electrons by a scanning probe in the TEXTOR tokamak

Spectral measurements of runaway electrons by a scanning probe in the TEXTOR tokamak

Structure–Property Correlations in a Ce-Doped (Lu,Gd)2SiO5:Ce Scintillator

Performance of a Facility for Measuring Scintillator Non-Proportionality

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Product

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Structure–Property Correlations in a Ce-Doped (Lu,Gd)₂SiO₅:Ce Scintillator