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Abstract

Large bone defects caused by severe trauma, infection or tumor resection are still a major challenge for orthopaedic surgery. The key concept for successful bone regeneration consists of combining the osteoinductive effect of osteogenic cells with a suitable carrier structure to promote osteoblastic differentiation and optimal matrix production. Therefore, periosteal cells cultured in polyglycolic-polylactid acid (PGLA) fleeces were investigated for their osteogenic differentiation and used to repair critical size bone defects in a rabbit model. Periosteal cells were isolated from New Zealand White rabbits and expanded in vitro. Osteogenic differentiation was investigated by analysis of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin production in vitro depending on culture conditions and passage number. Cells were seeded into PGLA fleeces. After further cultivation, tissue constructs were examined histologically and by immunohistochemistry for cell distribution and osteogenic differentiation. These constructs of defined size were used to repair critical size calvarial defects (group I) in rabbits compared to a defect repair with polymers only (group II) or to untreated defects (group III). Bone healing was evaluated after 4 weeks by radiodensitometry and a special histological scoring system. For early evaluation, radiodensitometry was not sensitive enough to detect differences in calcification. However, on histologic examination the group with cell/fleece constructs revealed intense formation of uncalcified bone. The mean defect closure of the experimental group I was 65%, compared to control groups II and III with 31% and 22%, respectively. The established methods of 3-D-cell culture and ex-vivo transplant assessment proved to be a valuable tool for quality assurance. The results demonstrate that the combination of periosteal cells and polymer fleeces is a tissue engineering approach, which may have clinical applications in various fields of reconstructive surgery.

Bioengineering from the laboratory to clinical translation in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction

“…However, harvesting PDPCs, laboratory expenses, and the necessary time for construct preparation, should be planned early enough before the surgical resection to avoid possible morbidity. When PDPCs were seeded into polyglycolide-co-polylactide scaffold to repair critical size bone defects in a rabbit model, they showed satisfactory outcomes [ Redlich et al,1999 ]. The success of surgical reconstruction relies on the potential of healthy patient’s cells that surround the defect site, to infiltrate and vascularize the tissue engineered construct.…”

The periosteum: a simple tissue with many faces, with special reference to the antler-lineage periostea

“…In contrast to bMSCs, which are restricted to the bone marrow compartment during bone repair and indirectly stimulate healing via the secretion of growth factors [ 74 ], PDCs are directly involved in bone repair [ 18 ]. Thus, PDCs have been used to generate in situ bone tissue for fracture healing or bridging of critical-sized defects in combination with various scaffolds [ 81 , 82 ]…”

A Sulfated Nanofibrous Mesh Supporting the Osteogenic Differentiation of Periosteum-Derived Cells

“…28–32 Indeed, PDCs have been combined with biomaterials in lieu of the bone marrow-derived MSCs for various bone tissue engineering applications. 33 Like bone marrow-derived MSCs, the differentiation of PDCs can also be profoundly impacted by the scaffold environment that they adhere to, underscoring the importance of choosing a suitable biomaterial scaffold for the delivery of exogenous PDCs to promote bone healing. 34 In this study, we demonstrate the advantages of rat PDCs over bone marrow-derived MSCs in terms of their in vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential.…”