ZBI multidimensionality: The salience of worry about performance

Lau, Sabrina; Ali, Noorhazlina; Lim, Jun Pei; Lim, Wee Shiong

doi:10.1017/s1041610218001217

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our analysis employs survey data from 299 Indonesian FDWs. EFA reveals ZBI burden to be multidimensional, consistent with prior studies (Lau et al, 2019; Springate & Tremont, 2014). We test our hypotheses via multiple regression models (a multinomial logit model) relating personal characteristics to overall burden and the four burden dimensions (to three levels of burden severity).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Personal Determinants of Burden Among Indonesian Female Caregivers of Older Adults in Taiwan

Troy

Tjin

et al. 2020

J Appl Gerontol

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Introduction Families increasingly employ foreign domestic workers (FDWs) to care for older loved ones. Caregiver burden reflects FDWs’ difficulty adapting to work demands. We test hypothesized associations between burden and six personal characteristics: children, marriage, education, Chinese proficiency, eldercare experience, and non-eldercare experience. Method In total, 299 Indonesian FDWs in Taiwan completed the Zarit Burden Interview. Exploratory factor analysis identified the dimensions of burden. Multiple and multinomial regressions related the variables to overall burden, burden dimensions, and burden severity. Results Four dimensions were found: personal strain, role strain, dependency, and guilt. Children were negatively associated with burden, role strain, dependency, and guilt. Chinese proficiency was negatively associated with severity and guilt. Eldercare experience was positively associated with severity and personal strain. Marriage was non-monotonically related to severity. Conclusion Caregivers whose earnings benefit their children may be more likely to thrive in Taiwan. Language training may boost caregiver performance and host family satisfaction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…EFA identified four psychometrically distinct factors contributing to overall ZBI, which we call personal strain, role strain, dependence , and guilt (Lau et al, 2019; Pearlin et al, 1990; Siegert et al, 2010). These factors accounted for approximately 56.9% of the total variance in the matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Determinants of Burden Among Indonesian Female Caregivers of Older Adults in Taiwan

Troy

Tjin

et al. 2020

J Appl Gerontol

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“…Nevertheless, the sample is comparable with earlier studies of memory clinic populations and is fairly representative of the caregivers of older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia. 7 Secondly, because our study population is largely comprised of the caregivers of persons with dementia, results in the MCI population would need to be confirmed in other studies. Thirdly, being a cross-sectional study, we were unable to validate the predictive validity of ZBI-9 compared with ZBI-22.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 12 In contrast, more recent studies in diverse Asian and Caucasian populations consistently highlighted a distinct dimension of self-appraisal burden manifested by the desire to ‘do more’ (item 20) or ‘do better’ (item 21) in the caregiving role. 7 , 13 This factor represents a conceptual continuum of worry about caregiving performance (WaP), ranging from “inadequacy” and “worry” through to more severe degrees of “self-criticism” and “guilt”. 14 WaP is a distinct dimension of burden among adult children caregivers, and unlike role and personal strain, it has been endorsed as early as the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Short Version Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-9) for Caregivers of Persons With Cognitive Impairment

Zhi-Xiang

Lim

Chan

2023

Alzheimer Disease &Amp; Associated Disorders

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Background: There is a lack of appreciation of the full dimensionality of the original 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) in the development of short versions. Existing short versions are premised upon a 1-factor or 2-factor structure or statistical techniques for item selection. Thus, there is a need for ZBI short versions that considers the multidimensional constructs of role strain, personal strain, and worry about performance (WaP) during item selection to provide a more holistic and comprehensive evaluation. Purpose: To develop and validate a short version of ZBI through a combined quantitative and qualitative approach that incorporates the validated 4-factor structure of role strain demands; role strain-control; personal strain, and WaP. Patients: We studied 202 caregivers of patients with dementia (84.2%) or mild cognitive impairment (15.8%) attending a memory clinic in Singapore. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis and qualitative considerations from expert consensus were used for item selection. Confirmatory factor analysis fit statistics support the 4-factor structure. The 9-item ZBI-9 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.87) and convergent validity with anxiety and depression (Pearson correlation: Hospital Anxiety and Depression sub-scales, r≥0.56, P <0.001; ZBI- 22, r=0.95, P <0.001). Using a cut-off score of ≥13, ZBI-9 displayed good discriminatory ability for depressive symptoms (area under curve=0.79, P <0.001; sensitivity=70%, specificity=75%). The ZBI-9 also displayed comparable performance to the 22-item full version and three 12-item short versions. Conclusion: The ZBI-9 is a multidimensional short-version assessment tool for caregivers of persons with dementia and mild cognitive impairment that is reliable, valid, and discriminates depressive symptoms.

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“…Studies of correlations between the four PGI-DSS syndromes and the factor structure of the Zarit Burden Interview could confirm the existence of a distinct factor, i.e. a conceptual continuum labeled "worry about caregiving performance" (WaP), ranging from "inadequacy" to "guilt" (Lau et al, 2019).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychogeriatric Inventory of Disconcerting Symptoms and Syndromes (PGI-DSS): validity and reliability of a new brief scale compared to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for Nursing Homes (NPI-NH)

Monfort

Lezy

Papin

et al. 2020

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Objectives: To validate the Psychogeriatric Inventory of Disconcerting Symptoms and Syndromes (PGI-DSS), a single scale in A4 format comprising four disconcerting syndromes (violence, refusal, words, and acts). The scale enables an immediate conversion of a qualitative assessment to a quantitative assessment. The PGI-DSS was compared with the Neuro Psychiatric Inventory for Nursing Homes (NPI-NH). Design: Cross-sectional descriptive and correlational studies. Setting: Thirty geriatric care units and nursing homes. Participants: Raters interviewed nurses and nursing assistants in charge of older adults hospitalized in geriatric care units or living in nursing homes (N = 226). Measurements: The French version of the PGI-DSS and the French version of the NPI-NH. Results: The correlation coefficient between the PGI-DSS and the NPI-NH was 0.70 (p < 0.0001). The PGI-DSS threshold score corresponding to the NPI threshold score was 17 (specificity: 87%, sensitivity: 63%). Four statistical factors, corresponding to the four clinical syndromes, explained 53.4% of the total variance. The internal consistency of the PGI-DSS (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.695) was higher than that of the NPI-NH (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.474). Test–retest reliability was better for the PGI-DSS than for the NPI-NH. The intraclass correlations were 0.80 [0.73; 0.86] and 0.75 [0.67; 0.83], respectively. Interrater reliability was better for the PGI-DSS than for the NPI-NH. The intraclass correlations were 0.65 [0.55–0.76] and 0.55 [0.43–0.68], respectively. Conclusion: The PGI-DSS was developed to overcome the limitations of the NPI-NH. New, brief, easy to administer in less than 4 minutes, foldable in four parts, pocket-sized, easy-to-read in the palm of the hand, PGI-DSS could have similar or better statistical properties than the NPI-NH. Whereas the 10 domains in the NPI-NH have clinical utility for clinicians, the four easily understandable syndromes in the PGI-DSS can help avoid inappropriate attitudes and can guide psychosocial interventions. It could likewise improve dialogue between caregivers and clinicians.

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ZBI multidimensionality: The salience of worry about performance

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Personal Determinants of Burden Among Indonesian Female Caregivers of Older Adults in Taiwan

Personal Determinants of Burden Among Indonesian Female Caregivers of Older Adults in Taiwan

Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Short Version Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-9) for Caregivers of Persons With Cognitive Impairment

Psychogeriatric Inventory of Disconcerting Symptoms and Syndromes (PGI-DSS): validity and reliability of a new brief scale compared to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for Nursing Homes (NPI-NH)

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