Zearalenone and its metabolites: Effect on human health, metabolism and neutralisation methods

Rogowska, Agnieszka; Pomastowski, Paweł; Sagandykova, Gulyaim

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.004

Cited by 213 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…For example, ZEN disturbs hormonal homeostasis and induces numerous diseases [1][2][3][4]. ZEN is frequently detected in various grains and their agricultural commodities, especially in maize [5]. The contamination occurs in the field and during the period of planting, harvesting, storage, transportation, and processing when exposed to the appropriate environmental conditions [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zearalenone Removal from Corn Oil by an Enzymatic Strategy

Chang

Liu

Sun

et al. 2020

Toxins

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The estrogen-like mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most widely distributed contaminants especially in maize and its commodities, such as corn oil. ZEN degrading enzymes possess the potential for counteracting the negative effect of ZEN and its associated high safety risk in corn oil. Herein, we targeted enhancing the secretion of ZEN degrading enzyme by Pichia pastoris through constructing an expression plasmid containing three optimized expression cassettes of zlhy-6 codon and signal peptides. Further, we explored various parameters of enzymatic detoxification in neutralized oil and analyzed tocopherols and sterols losses in the corn oil. In addition, the distribution of degraded products was demonstrated as well by Agilent 6510 Quadrupole Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry. P. pastoris GSZ with the glucoamylase signal was observed with the highest ZLHY-6 secretion yield of 0.39 mg/mL. During the refining of corn oil, ZEN in the crude oil was reduced from 1257.3 to 13 µg/kg (3.69% residual) after neutralization and enzymatic detoxification. Compared with the neutralized oil, no significant difference in the total tocopherols and sterols contents was detected after enzymatic detoxification. Finally, the degraded products were found to be entirely eliminated by washing. This study presents an enzymatic strategy for efficient and safe ZEN removal with relatively low nutrient loss, which provides an important basis for further application of enzymatic ZEN elimination in the industrial process of corn oil production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zearalenone Removal from Corn Oil by an Enzymatic Strategy

Chang

Liu

Sun

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…ZEN with high exposure and high accumulation concentration can inhibit the activity of enzyme and stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells. Modern research has confirmed that ZEN has typical immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity, which seriously threatens people's health [5][6][7]. As a result, many countries and organizations have stipulated the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for ZEN in cereals (the United States: 20-100 µg kg −1 for cereals [8]; European Union: 350 µg kg −1 in raw maize products [9]; China: 60 µg kg −1 in cereals and cereals products [10]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assays Using Colloidal Au Sphere and Nanorods as Signal Marker for the Determination of Zearalenone in Cereals

Pan

Yang

et al. 2020

Foods

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This paper describes the development of lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (ICAs) using colloidal Au sphere (SP) and nanorods (NRs) as signal markers for the determination of zearalenone (ZEN) in cereals. The developed ICAs can detect the analyte ZEN within a short time (10 min), and achieve lower limit of detection (LOD). This is the first time that the AuNRs are used as signal probe in immune test strip for ZEN detection. For colloidal AuSP immunochromatographic analysis (AuSP-ICA), the LODs in solution and spiked cereal sample were 5.0 μg L−1 and 60 μg kg−1, and for AuNRs immunochromatographic analysis (AuNRs-ICA) the two LODs achieved 3.0 μg L−1 and 40 μg kg−1, respectively. These two proposed ICAs have minor cross-reaction to the structural analogs of ZEN, and no cross-reactivity with aflatoxin B1, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1. Both of the developed ICAs can specifically and sensitively detect ZEN in cereals, providing an effective strategy for rapid screening and detection of ZEN in a large number of food samples.

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“…ZEN exposure could cause the genotoxic, hepatoxic, immunotoxic, and even estrogenic effects [3][4][5][6]. Thus, ZEN is categorized as a class III carcinogen [7]. Recent investigations into mycotoxin contamination from all over the world found that a high percentage of ZEN contamination exists in cereals and animal feed [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of Zearalenone from China in 2019 by a Visual and Digitized Immunochromatographic Assay

Xia

Mao

Yang

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Zearalenone (ZEN) is a prevalent mycotoxin that needs intensive monitoring. A semi-quantitative and quantitative immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was assembled for investigating ZEN contamination in 187 samples of cereal and their products from China in 2019. The semi-quantitative detection model had a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.50 ng/mL with visual judgment and could be completely inhibited within 5 min at 3.0 ng/mL ZEN. The quantitative detection model had a lower LOD of 0.25 ng/mL, and ZEN could be accurately and digitally detected from 0.25–4.0 ng/mL. The ICA method had a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for on-site ZEN detection. For investigation of the authentic samples, the ZEN-positive rate was 62.6%, and the ZEN-positive levels ranged from 2.7 to 867.0 ng/g, with an average ZEN-positive level being 85.0 ng/g. Of the ZEN-positive samples, 6.0% exceeded the values of the limit levels. The ZEN-positive samples were confirmed to be highly correlated using LC-MS/MS (R2 = 0.9794). This study could provide an efficiency and accuracy approach for ZEN in order to achieve visual and digitized on-site investigation. This significant information about the ZEN contamination levels might contribute to monitoring mycotoxin occurrence and for ensuring food safety.

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Zearalenone and its metabolites: Effect on human health, metabolism and neutralisation methods

Cited by 213 publications

References 143 publications

Zearalenone Removal from Corn Oil by an Enzymatic Strategy

Zearalenone Removal from Corn Oil by an Enzymatic Strategy

Development of Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assays Using Colloidal Au Sphere and Nanorods as Signal Marker for the Determination of Zearalenone in Cereals

Contamination of Zearalenone from China in 2019 by a Visual and Digitized Immunochromatographic Assay

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