Zein–resin composite nanoparticles with coencapsulated carvacrol

Abstract

This paper evaluated the potential of zein–resins nanoparticles to act as a carrier for water‐insoluble oil carvacrol. The rosin and shellac were used as natural resins in different mass ratios to plant protein zein. Rosin is one of the natural gums. Shellac is a resinous secretion of the insect. The influence of nanoparticle composition on colloidal properties, encapsulation efficiency, and release of oil was studied. Zeta potential and size of thus prepared nanoparticles were studied. Carvacrol encapsulation efficiency and release were determined by the HPLC method developed for these compounds. Results showed that the resin type and share affect encapsulation efficiency and release of carvacrol. It was also shown that the addition of resins enhanced release from nanoparticles, compared to plain zein nanoparticles. Findings in the present work will help further understanding the interaction between alcohol–soluble biopolymers and provide new insight into the development of natural carriers for bioactive compounds. Novelty impact statement Natural polymers derived from food are considered desirable materials for constructing delivery systems to encapsulate, protect, and release bioactive components in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and food. Therefore, this paper is approached to fabricate the carvacrol‐loaded zein/rosin (Z/R) and zein/shellac (Z/S) composite nanoparticles (NPs). Findings in the present work will help further understanding of the interaction between alcohol–soluble biopolymers (e.g., zein, rosin, and shellac) and provide new insight into the development of natural carriers for bioactive compounds.

Shellac Micelles Loaded with Curcumin Using a pH Cycle to Improve Dispersibility, Bioaccessibility, and Potential for Colon Delivery

“…SL-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with bovine serum albumin were reported to have a diameter of 104–280 nm after ionic cross-linking . Anti-solvent precipitation, by dispersing an aqueous ethanol solution with dissolved zein, SL, and carvacrol in water, resulted in nanocapsules with a diameter of 60–150 nm . Another anti-solvent precipitation method that dissolved curcumin and SL in a ternary organic solvent mixture of dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethanol, followed by sequential mixing with phosphate buffer, resulted in nanocapsules with a diameter of 40 nm .…”

“…13 Anti-solvent precipitation, by dispersing an aqueous ethanol solution with dissolved zein, SL, and carvacrol in water, resulted in nanocapsules with a diameter of 60−150 nm. 14 Another anti-solvent precipitation method that dissolved curcumin and SL in a ternary organic solvent mixture of dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethanol, followed by sequential mixing with phosphate buffer, resulted in nanocapsules with a diameter of 40 nm. 15 Although a high loading capacity (LC) of 49.3% and a high encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 98.6% were achieved, 15 the encapsulation process is tedious and the use of these organic solvents is a concern for food applications.…”

Multiscale Shellac-Based Delivery Systems: From Macro- to Nanoscale

“…fabricated dispersible composite nanoparticles using zein and shellac through an antisolvent coprecipitation method, which differs from the traditional antisolvent precipitation method. Later studies demonstrated that the zein-shellac composite nanoparticles can be used to load carvacrol to obtain the desired release effect. , As shown in Figure C, this method was then used to design ideal colloidal surfactants, such as polylactide (PLA)/shellac dimer particles with one PLA bulb and one shellac bulb for pH-responsive Pickering emulsions . An oat protein-shellac nanoparticle (90–300 nm) delivery system, developed through emulsion followed by cold gelation, could protect the activity of resveratrol in gastric fluid and allowed its controlled release into the small intestine to improve bioavailability .…”