Zeolite A powder and beads from sugarcane bagasse fly ash modified with iron(III) oxide-hydroxide for lead adsorption

Abstract

The discharging of lead-contaminated wastewater is a concern because of its toxicity to living organisms and water quality resulting in dangerous water consumption, so it is highly recommended to remove lead from wastewater to be below water quality standards for a safe environment. Zeolite A sugarcane bagasse fly ash powder (ZB), zeolite A sugarcane bagasse fly ash powder mixed iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (ZBF), zeolite A sugarcane bagasse fly ash beads (ZBB), zeolite A sugarcane bagasse fly ash powder mixed iron(III) oxide-hydroxide beads (ZBFB), and zeolite A sugarcane bagasse fly ash beads coated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (ZBBF) were synthesized and characterized in various techniques. Their lead removal efficiencies were investigated by batch experiments, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics. The specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size of ZB were close values to zeolite A standard (STD), and ZBF had the highest specific surface area and the smallest pore size than others. ZB and ZBF demonstrated crystalline phases whereas ZBB, ZBFB, and ZBBF were amorphous phases. The surface morphology of ZB was a cubic shape similar to STD. ZBF demonstrated an agglomerated formation of ZB and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide whereas ZBFB and ZBBF had sphere shapes with coarse surfaces. Si, Al, O, Fe, Na, Ca, O–H, (Si, Al)–O, H2O, and D4R were detected in all materials. The surface charges of all zeolite A materials had negatively charged at all pH values, and their surfaces increased more negatively charged with increasing pH value which pH 5 illustrated as the highest negatively charged in all materials. Their lead removal efficiencies were higher than 82%. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were well explained for their adsorption patterns and mechanisms. Finally, ZBBF is a good offer for applying in industrial wastewater treatment systems because of its easy operation and saving costs than ZBF.

Optimization of Cd (II) removal from aqueous solution by natural hydroxyapatite/bentonite composite using response surface methodology

“…This could be attributed to the fact that the surface of the HAp/bentonite composite becomes saturated in the presence of a higher concentration of Cd(II), eventually, the Cd(II) ion tends to form an aggregate on the outer surface of the composite and deceased the surface area. Similar results have been reported by Praipipat et al (2023), and the study showed that the removal efficiency was decreased with increasing concentration 46 .

Figure 6 Interactive effect of parameters on the removal efficiency of Cd (II) ( a ) initial Cd concentration versus adsorbent dosage, ( b ) initial Cd concentration versus pH, ( c ) adsorbent dosage versus solution pH, and ( d ) adsorbent dosage versus contact time.

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Influence of duck eggshell powder modifications by the calcination process or addition of iron (III) oxide-hydroxide on lead removal efficiency

“…Initial lead concentrations from 10 to 70 mg/L of duck eggshell powder (DP), duck eggshell powder mixed iron (III) oxide-hydroxide (DPF), calcined duck eggshell powder (CDP), and calcined duck eggshell powder mixed iron (III) oxide-hydroxide (CDPF) were applied for the effect of initial lead concentration, and the results are shown in Fig. 7 d. Their lead removal efficiencies of duck eggshell materials were decreased with the increasing of initial lead concentration from 10 to 70 mg/L resulting from lack active sites for adsorb lead ions similarly found by other studies 6 , 14 , 28 , 39 , 45 , 51 , 56 . Lead removal efficiencies at 50 mg/L of DP, DPF, CDP, and CDPF were 98.35%, 98.94%, 99.04%, and 99.24%, respectively, and CDPF demonstrated a higher lead removal efficiency than others.…”

Performance and Mechanism of Modified Orange Peel as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for Lead(II) and Mercury(II) Removal from an Aqueous Solution

“…Additionally, as the temperature rises, the decreasing ΔG°suggests that the adsorption of Pb 2 + and Hg 2 + becomes even more favorable at elevated temperatures. Calyx [4] naphthalene 29.15 [23] Chemically modified orange peel 73.53 [24] Orange peel 209.8 [12] Pomelo (Citrus maxima) fruit peels 47.18 [25] Waste orange peel 4.24 [26] Activated carbon 26.50 [27] Polypyrrole-Based Activated Carbon 50.00 [28] Lanthanum-based metal-organic framework-decorated polyaniline 185.19 [29] Waste orange peel (APK) 35.08 [30] OPF 2.30 [31] Orange peels 5.76 [32] sulphured orange peel 160.00 [ Unmodified orange peel 7.46 [35] Graphene oxide/FeeMn composite 33 [36] Egyptian raw mandarin peel 19.01 [37] Clay-based nanocomposites 52.18 [38] Raw orange peel 61.18 [39] Activated sago waste carbon 55.60 [40] Ag…”