Zero-Crossing-Based Bio-Engineered Sensor

Liu, Qijun; Riaz, Arslan; Zirtiloglu, Timur; Inda, María Eugenia; Jiménez, Miguel; Lai, Yong; Steiger, Christoph; Diamond, Elizabeth; Traverso, Giovanni; Lu, Timothy K.; Chandrakasan, Anantha P.; Nadeau, Phillip; Yazicigil, Rabia Tugce

doi:10.1109/cicc51472.2021.9431409

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…S10. A threshold-based bioluminescence detector with a CMOS-integrated photodiode 37 array was used to detect bacterial sensor output. D. Genetic circuit and kinetic response of NO sensors in bacterial growth media supplemented with 3 mM NO; RLU, relative luminescence units.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The custom chip integrates a threshold-based bioluminescence detector, time-to-digital converter, voltage references, voltage regulators, and four 1 mm by 1 mm CMOS-compatible photodiodes 24 (Fig. S10) 37 . In addition to the custom chip, the ingestible capsule also includes a commercial microcontroller and wireless transmitter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This integrated CMOS system combined with our unibody chamber pill casing design allowed us to detect the bioluminescent signal from just 1 μL of bacterial culture in the milieu of the intestinal lumen. In addition, the coin-cell battery can power the ingestible capsule for a month 37 , so this device could also potentially be used as an implant 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ingestible capsule for detecting labile inflammatory biomarkers in situ

Inda

Jiménez

Liu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Transient molecules in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, are key signals and mediators of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because these molecules are extremely short-lived in the body, they are difficult to detect. To track these reactive molecules in the GI tract, we have developed a miniaturized device that integrates genetically-engineered probiotic biosensors with a custom-designed photodetector and readout chip. Leveraging the molecular specificity of living sensors, we genetically encoded bacteria to respond to IBD-associated molecules by luminescing. Low-power electronic readout circuits (nanowatt power) integrated into the device convert the light from just 1 μL of bacterial culture into a wireless signal. We demonstrate biosensor monitoring in the GI tract of small and large animal models and integration of all components into a sub-1.4 cm3 ingestible form factor capable of supporting wireless communication. The wireless detection of short-lived, disease-associated molecules could support earlier diagnosis of disease than is currently possible, more accurate tracking of disease progression, and more timely communication between patient and their care team supporting remote personalized care.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ingestible capsule for detecting labile inflammatory biomarkers in situ

Inda

Jiménez

Liu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…These devices in such networks exchange information and take measurements for various applications, including but not limited to home and transportation automation, industrial, biomedical, mining, or environmental monitoring [3], [14], [15]. Some IoT devices such as sensing modules are often designed to be ultra-low power, that can rely on a small battery, or even energy harvesting in some cases to sustain autonomous operation for a longer duration while reducing costs [16], [17]. Each device transmitting potentially confidential data through such networks creates a security concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical-Layer Security for Energy-Constrained Integrated Systems: Challenges and Design Perspectives

Yasar,

Yazicigil

2023

IEEE Open J. Solid-State Circuits Soc.

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The expanding scale and growing connectivity of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices coincide with the emergence of next-generation communication technologies. These devices serve various purposes, including communication, manufacturing, biomedical and environmental monitoring. However, the increasing number of connected devices raises concerns about data security and integrity. Previous research has highlighted the severe consequences of security inadequacies, shown by incidents involving biomedical devices [1]-[3] as an example. Nevertheless, due to resource constraints like power, hardware complexity, and latency, digital cryptography is not universally suitable for these devices [4]- [6]. An alternative is embedding physicallayer security (PLS) measures. Diverse countermeasures within the physical layer have been explored, including wireless network security [4]-[9] and resistance against side-channel attacks (SCA) [10]-[12]. This study reviews threat modeling for physical-layer security, underlining its significance and emphasizing its similarities and distinctions from conventional security threat models. We then investigate two commonly employed adversarial techniques: eavesdropping and SCAs. This exploration involves an investigation of distinct security approaches, alongside an evaluation of their associated threat models and trade-offs. While physical-layer security techniques address the before-mentioned resource and latency constraints, they do not universally apply to all devices. Ultra-low-power or ultra-low-latency devices might necessitate balancing security with performance. However, the absence of a standardized framework in the realm of physical-layer security poses challenges for designers in comparing and selecting the most fitting approach. To conclude, this work provides suggestions for addressing current gaps and enhancing the field of physicallayer security.

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