Zero Liquid Discharge

Rathoure, Ashok K.; Patel, T N; Bagrecha, Devyani

doi:10.1201/9780429059247-2

Cited by 3 publications

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“…High caustic concentrations also make boiling more difficult because of the high boiling point elevation. Consumption of caustic is in the range of 10 to 30 kg/100 m 2 surface area (Rathoure, et al, 2019). Organic acids are " moderate " compounds that breakdown and chelate mineral ions while also disrupting the reprecipitation cycle by isolating and locking up the scale-forming metal ions within a closed-ring structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Descaling treatment of sugarcane Evaporative tubes using Organic acids solutions

El-Nahas,

Kodari,

Hamam

et al. 2024

Aswan University Journal of Environmental Studies

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Scales are mechanically removed from sugar evaporators' pipes and equipment. Although effective, this method is usually costly, difficult to access deposits in crevices, and risks causing equipment damage. Chemical cleaning, on the other hand, is a more effective, trustworthy, and time-efficient alternative for eliminating scale. A solution of caustic soda (10-25%) is the most used reagent in Egypt to clean the evaporative tubes used in sugar processes. The goal of this study was to provide a novel green solution that could be utilized in sugar factories to remove scale from evaporative bodies and reduce the environmental impact of NaOH. Consequently, glutamic acid and sodium gluconate were both explored as organic acids for scales dissolution. In all types of evaporator bodies, glutamic acid has a significantly better removal efficacy of up to 83%, while sodium gluconate gave a removal rate of up to 40%. According to EDX and XRD analysis, the main scales content in the sugar factory was calcium sulphate due to the sulphitation method utilized in the clarification operations. The fourth evaporator body is the most difficult because to the high quantity of Si contained in the scale structure. The findings of this study will help the industry sector choose precise thinning techniques for the use of chemical chelating agents for scale removal.

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confidence: 99%

Descaling treatment of sugarcane Evaporative tubes using Organic acids solutions

El-Nahas,

Kodari,

Hamam

et al. 2024

Aswan University Journal of Environmental Studies

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“…The application of physico-chemical and thermal wastewater treatment technologies or their combinations allows to treat pharmaceutical wastewater to such a degree that it can be reused in technological processes where water does not come into contact with API or FDF, including cooling systems and steam generators [59], [60]. However, the feasibility of implementing such technologies should be evaluated in the context of local water availability and costs.…”

Section: Manufacturing Of Sterile Pharmaceutical Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Biological Treatment of Pharmaceutical Processing Waters under Multistress Conditions

Strade

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The Doctoral Thesis has been prepared as a collection of thematically related scientific publications including five scientific publications. As a result of the research, a new method for assessing the toxicity of processing waters to the biocenosis of activated sludge has been developed. The most suitable microorganism cultures for increasing the treatment efficiency of active pharmaceutical ingredients and chemical oxygen demand by bioaugmentation have been selected in the screening tests. The possibilities and limitations of the reuse of processing waters in the pharmaceutical industry have been evaluated, and solutions for the reuse of chemically polluted waters in various stages of the processing water treatment process have been proposed.

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Zero Liquid Discharge System for the Tannery Industry—An Overview of Sustainable Approaches

et al. 2022

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The tannery industry is characterized by the consumption of a large quantity of water, around 30–40 m3 for processing 1000 kg of hide or skin. This amount becomes wastewater, containing about 300 kg of different chemicals, mainly refractory organic compounds, with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved salts (TDS), chromium, and evolution of toxic gases, such as ammonia and sulfides, etc. The remaining tanning chemicals are released as effluent having high resistance against biological degradation, becoming a serious environmental issue. Usually, end-of-pipe treatment is not sufficient to meet the concerns of environmental issues. In terms of cleaner production options, the redesigning of the existing effluent treatment procedures with alternate or additional treatment techniques, which “supports resource recovery with no added chemicals”, is expected to give a sustainable solution for the management of toxic effluent. The Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system serves to ensure zero water emission, as well as treatment facilities by recycling, recovery, and reuse of the treated wastewater using advanced cleanup technology. The international scenario shows the implementation of ZLD thanks to pressure from regulatory agencies. The ZLD system consists of a pre-treatment system with conventional physicochemical treatment, tertiary treatment, softening of the treated effluent, reverse osmosis (RO) treatment for desalination, and thermal evaporation of the saline reject from RO to separate the salts. By adopting this system, water consumption is reduced. Moreover, ZLD also becomes effective in disaster mitigation in areas where the tannery industry is a strong economic actor. With this review, we aim to give an outlook of the current framework.

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Zero Liquid Discharge

Cited by 3 publications

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Descaling treatment of sugarcane Evaporative tubes using Organic acids solutions

Descaling treatment of sugarcane Evaporative tubes using Organic acids solutions

Optimization of the Biological Treatment of Pharmaceutical Processing Waters under Multistress Conditions

Zero Liquid Discharge System for the Tannery Industry—An Overview of Sustainable Approaches

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