Zinc chloride inhibits lysine decarboxylase production from Eikenella corrodens in vitro and its therapeutic implications

Levine, Martin; Collins, Lindsay M.; Lohinai, Zsolt

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103533

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Dentifrices containing zinc are well established to reduce gingival inflammation and bleeding better than control dentifrices without zinc [ 169 ], but how zinc works has not been understood. Recently, we reported that zinc ions stop LdcE production at the E. corrodens cell surface, perhaps by attaching to a unique cysteine residue in its N-terminal region [ 170 ]. In addition, dietary zinc supplements promote systemic health by reducing systemic inflammation, indicating that zinc does not inhibit LdcI production in the gut [ 171 ].…”

Section: Implications For Periodontal and Intestinal Diseases: Therapy Prevention And Links To Other Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving the Contradictory Functions of Lysine Decarboxylase and Butyrate in Periodontal and Intestinal Diseases

Levine

Lohinai

2021

JCM

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Periodontal disease is a common, bacterially mediated health problem worldwide. Mastication (chewing) repeatedly traumatizes the gingiva and periodontium, causing traces of inflammatory exudate, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), to appear in crevices between the teeth and gingiva. Inadequate tooth cleaning causes a dentally adherent microbial biofilm composed of commensal salivary bacteria to appear around these crevices where many bacteria grow better on GCF than in saliva. We reported that lysine decarboxylase (Ldc) from Eikenella corrodens depletes the GCF of lysine by converting it to cadaverine and carbon dioxide. Lysine is an amino acid essential for the integrity and continuous renewal of dentally attached epithelium acting as a barrier to microbial products. Unless removed regularly by oral hygiene, bacterial products invade the lysine-deprived dental attachment where they stimulate inflammation that enhances GCF exudation. Cadaverine increases and supports the development of a butyrate-producing microbiome that utilizes the increased GCF substrates to slowly destroy the periodontium (dysbiosis). A long-standing paradox is that acid-induced Ldc and butyrate production support a commensal (probiotic) microbiome in the intestine. Here, we describe how the different physiologies of the respective tissues explain how the different Ldc and butyrate functions impact the progression and control of these two chronic diseases.

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Section: Implications For Periodontal and Intestinal Diseases: Therapy Prevention And Links To Other Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving the Contradictory Functions of Lysine Decarboxylase and Butyrate in Periodontal and Intestinal Diseases

Levine

Lohinai

2021

JCM

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“…CAREDYNE Shield releases Zinc ions and is expected to reduce GI and PI [ 20 – 22 ]; however, no significant reduction of GI or PI was observed after treatment. This may be because the mean baseline GI and PI scores were quite low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of a novel zinc-containing desensitizer CAREDYNE Shield for cervical dentin hypersensitivity: a pilot randomized controlled trial

et al. 2022

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Background Recently, a novel zinc-containing desensitizer, CAREDYNE Shield, was developed. This new type of desensitizer induces chemical occlusion of dentinal tubules for desensitization and releases zinc ion for root caries prevention. Despite these features, its clinical effectiveness in the improvement of cervical dentine hypersensitivity remains to be elucidated. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CAREDYNE Shield in patients with CDH. Methods Forty CDH teeth which matched the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated to two groups in a 1:1 ratio: the CAREDYNE Shield group (intervention group) and the Nanoseal group (control group). The pain intensity in response to air stimuli, gingival condition, and oral hygiene status of CDH teeth were assessed before and at 4 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome was the reduction of pain intensity in response to air stimuli from baseline to 4 weeks after intervention. Results From November 2019 to April 2021, 24 participants with 40 teeth were enrolled in this study and 33 teeth in 20 participants were assessed at 4 weeks after treatment. A significant reduction of pain in response to air stimuli was observed in both groups; however, no significant difference was observed between the groups. Conclusions This study showed that CAREDYNE Shield is effective for CDH and its effectiveness is similar to Nanoseal. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), UMIN000038072. Registered on 21st September 2019, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000043331

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“…As bacteria increase at the gingival margin region after EG as described in the Supplementary text and Figure S1 , Eikenella corrodens appear within a day or two [ 23 ]. Its outer membrane possesses lysine decarboxylase (LdcE), an enzyme that converts nutritionally essential lysine [ 24 ] to non-nutritional cadaverine ( Figure 2 B) [ 19 , 25 ]. Prior to cleaning, the mean concentration of lysine in GCF is 0.18 µmol/mL, whereas that of saliva is less than 0.01 µmol/mL [ 26 , 27 ], indicating that the source of biofilm lysine is GCF [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Control of GCF Exudation: Innate Immunity Genes and Periodontitis Susceptibility

Lohinai,

Ruksakiet,

Földes

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Chronic periodontitis is a bacterial infection associated with dentally adherent biofilm (plaque) accumulation and age-related comorbidities. The disease begins as an inflammatory exudate from gingival margins, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in response to biofilm lysine. After a week of experimental gingivitis (no oral hygiene), biofilm lysine concentration was linearly related to biofilm accumulation (plaque index) but to GCF as an arch-shaped double curve which separated 9 strong from 6 weak GCF responders (hosts). Host DNA was examined for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of alleles reported in 7 periodontitis-associated genes. Across all 15 hosts, an adenine SNP (A) at IL1B-511 (rs16944), was significant for strong GCF (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.05), and a thymidine SNP (T) at IL1B+3954 (rs1143634) for weak GCF provided 2 hosts possessing IL6-1363(T), rs2069827, were included. The phenotype of IL1B+3954(T) was converted from weak to strong in one host, and of the non-T allele from strong to weak in the other (specific epistasis, Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.01). Together with homozygous alternate or reference SNPs at IL10-1082 or CD14-260 in 4 hosts, all hosts were identified as strong or weak GCF responders. The GCF response is therefore a strong or weak trait that indicates strong or weak innate immunity in EG and controllable or uncontrollable periodontal disease and its comorbidities in later life.

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Zinc chloride inhibits lysine decarboxylase production from Eikenella corrodens in vitro and its therapeutic implications

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Resolving the Contradictory Functions of Lysine Decarboxylase and Butyrate in Periodontal and Intestinal Diseases

Resolving the Contradictory Functions of Lysine Decarboxylase and Butyrate in Periodontal and Intestinal Diseases

The efficacy of a novel zinc-containing desensitizer CAREDYNE Shield for cervical dentin hypersensitivity: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Genetic Control of GCF Exudation: Innate Immunity Genes and Periodontitis Susceptibility

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