Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Chromium Concentrations in Young Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Basaki, Mehdi; Saeb, M.; Nazifi, Saeed; Shamsaei, H. A.

doi:10.1007/s12011-012-9360-6

Cited by 135 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Epidemiological studies also demonstrated that diabetes and whole body zinc status are associated [8][9][10][11]. In T1D and T2D patients, serum zinc levels are significantly decreased [9][10][11], this being associated with an increased zinc urinary loss [8].…”

Section: Zinc and The Diabetic Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zinc and diabetes

Chabosseau

Rutter

2016

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

152

104

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Zn 2+ ions are essential for the normal processing and storage of insulin and altered pancreatic insulin content is associated with all forms of diabetes mellitus. Work of the past decade has identified variants in the human SLC30A8 gene, encoding the zinc transporter ZnT8 which is expressed highly selectively on the secretory granule of pancreatic islet β and α cells, as affecting the risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Here, we review the regulation and roles of Zn 2+ ions in islet cells, the mechanisms through which SLC30A8 variants might affect glucose homeostasis and diabetes risk, and the novel technologies including recombinant targeted zinc probes and knockout mice which have been developed to explore these questions. Abbreviation ISG: Insulin Secreting Granules; T2D: Type 2 Diabetes; T1D: Type 1 Diabetes; 2 Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease, affecting approximately 9% of the adult population worldwide. It is characterized by high circulating glucose levels over a prolonged period of time which leads to long-term health complications [1]. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) involves the autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting β cells while Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is linked to both a decrease of insulin release and deficient hormone action on targeted organs [2].The links among Zn 2+ , diabetes and insulin were established in the 1930s, a decade after the discovery of the hormone, when a study showed crystallized insulin contains Zn 2+ and that Zn 2+ , along with other metal ions, could reversibly trigger insulin crystallization [3]. Zinc was later demonstrated to prolong insulin action when co-injected with the hormone [4].These early studies, as well as much more recent findings showing association between T2D risk and the inheritance of gene variants encoding a critical β cell Zn 2+ transporter, ZnT8[5] have generated considerable interest in the role of Zn 2+ in diabetes aetiology and as a possible therapeutic target [6]. Zinc and the diabetic patientScott and Fisher were the first to report a direct link between zinc and diabetes in patients.While assessing the insulin content in the pancreas of diabetic patients compared to nondiabetic cadavers, they showed that in the former group zinc content was reduced by 75 % [7].Epidemiological studies also demonstrated that diabetes and whole body zinc status are associated [8][9][10][11]. In T1D and T2D patients, serum zinc levels are significantly decreased [9][10][11], this being associated with an increased zinc urinary loss [8].Zinc may have important anti-oxidant properties, as it acts as a cofactor of the superoxide dismutase enzyme which regulates the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, regulating the expression and protecting against the oxidative stress induced by chronic hyperglycaemia (for review, [12]). Furthermore, zinc inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent mitochondrial respiration suggesting that Zn 2+ can interfere with mitochondrial antioxidant production and may also stimulate production of reactive oxygen [13].Zinc supplementation h...

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Section: Zinc and The Diabetic Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In T1D and T2D patients, serum zinc levels are significantly decreased [9][10][11], this being associated with an increased zinc urinary loss [8].…”

Section: Zinc and The Diabetic Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and diabetes

Chabosseau

Rutter

2016

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

152

104

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“…Epidemiological studies also suggest that whole body zinc status might be associated with diabetes (38,39) . Studies on patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) revealed that the serum concentration of zinc was decreased compared with healthy control subjects (40,41) , a finding associated with increased urinary zinc loss (38) . Adequate levels of Zn 2+ are essential not only to ensure appropriate synthesis, storage and structural stability of insulin (42) but also to protect against oxidative stress in T1 and T2 diabetes and their associated pathologies (43) .…”

Section: Zinc and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular zinc in insulin secretion and action: a determinant of diabetes risk?

et al. 2015

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Zinc is an important micronutrient, essential in the diet to avoid a variety of conditions associated with malnutrition such as diarrhoea and alopecia. Lowered circulating levels of zinc are also found in diabetes mellitus, a condition which affects one in twelve of the adult population and whose treatments consume approximately 10 % of healthcare budgets. Zn 2+ ions are essential for a huge range of cellular functions and, in the specialised pancreatic β-cell, for the storage of insulin within the secretory granule. Correspondingly, genetic variants in the SLC30A8 gene, which encodes the diabetes-associated granule-resident Zn 2+ transporter ZnT8, are associated with an altered risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, we focus on (i) recent advances in measuring free zinc concentrations dynamically in subcellular compartments, and (ii) studies dissecting the role of intracellular zinc in the control of glucose homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. We discuss the effects on insulin secretion and action of deleting or overexpressing Slc30a8 highly selectively in the pancreatic β-cell, and the role of zinc in insulin signalling. While modulated by genetic variability, healthy levels of dietary zinc, and hence normal cellular zinc homeostasis, are likely to play an important role in the proper release and action of insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis and lower diabetes risk.

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“…Published by Sciedu Press Basaki, year of data collection not reported [22] 40 female subjects referred to Dr. Saeb's specialized hormone lab (20 Nasli-Esfahani, year of data collection not reported [29] 301 participants: diabetic patients (n=150) and healthy controls (n=151). Tadayon , year of data collection not reported [32] 100 women between 35 to 70 years of age Tehran Hair…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[64] Nour Mohammadi et al in Semnan showed that, Cr levels of hair samples in diabetes type 2 patients was significantly higher than controls (20 healthy volunteers). [21] In contrast, studies from Tehran, [29,32] Shiraz, and Tabriz, [22,24] showed Cr in diabetic type 2 patients were significantly lower than controls. Likewise, Kazi et al in Pakistan showed, Cr concentrations of hair and blood samples in diabetes type 2 patients were significantly lower than controls.…”

Section: Environmental Exposure To Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium in Iran: A systematic review

Tavakkoli

Nasab

Khanjani

2017

JER

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Background: Chromium (Cr) is a heavy metal and trace mineral found in various forms. Cr III is an essential nutrient, that is normally found in human blood and urine; in contrast, Cr VI is listed in group I carcinogens and is hazardous for human health. Several studies have been done about measuring human Chromium levels in Iran and this review attempted to summarize these studies. Methods: Electronic resources including SID, Magiran, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar were searched; with phrases including "Exposure to Chromium, Chromium exposure, Chromium measuring, Occupational exposure to Chromium, Environmental exposure to Chromium, Chromium" and their Persian translations until December 2, 2016. Results: From the 1,309 retrieved articles, 32 articles were selected. In welding, electroplating and cement companies, chromium concentrations in workers who dealt directly with Cr were higher than others employees. In the general population, people who lived near a factory or an industrial center, or people who had taken dental treatments especially with orthodontic appliances, had higher Cr levels. Cr deficiency was also investigated in several studies, for its possible relation to diabetes type 2. Conclusion: Cr VI exposure should be under surveillance in Iranian industrial workers; and residential areas should be kept in a safe distance from Cr producing industries. Cr III deficiency might be related to diabetes type 2.

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Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Chromium Concentrations in Young Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 135 publications

References 26 publications

Zinc and diabetes

Zinc and diabetes

Intracellular zinc in insulin secretion and action: a determinant of diabetes risk?

Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium in Iran: A systematic review

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