Zinc-doped calcium silicate additive accelerates early angiogenesis and bone regeneration of calcium phosphate cement by double bioactive ions stimulation and immunoregulation

Additive manufacturing of barium-doped calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds to activate CaSR and AKT signalling and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

“…[5][6][7] Calcium silicate (CS)-based bioceramics have received increasing attention because of their promising osteogenic and angiogenic properties in the absence of biological growth factors. [8][9][10] The precipitated hydroxyapatite (HA) induced by the CS surface is chemically similar to natural bone, providing Ca and Si for initial bone mineralisation and inducing stem cells towards osteogenic differentiation, thereby making it one of the most promising bone materials. [11][12][13] Despite their good biocompatibility, high cell adhesion rate, and strong osteogenic induction activity, the brittleness and degradation of CS-based materials make it difficult to customise complex porous shapes, limiting their broad clinical application.…”

Recent advances on bioactive baghdadite ceramic for bone tissue engineering applications: 20 years of research and innovation (a review)

“…As can be seen in Fig. 6 C, for the dilute ion doped-CSi scaffolds (Zn, Mg, Mn, and Sr–CSi) with porosity in the range of 40–50%, compressive strength was reported in the range of 0.02–120 ​MPa [ 146 , 148 , 152 , 153 ]. Compared to baghdadite ceramics with 80–90% porosity, which have shown compressive strength in a narrow range (0.6–2 ​MPa), wide range of compressive strength of different types of diluted ions doped-CSi scaffolds could be attributed to other factors, such as fabrication method, differences in the radius, and ionic interactions between the dopant ions.…”

Effects of Zinc and Strontium Doping on In Vitro Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis of Calcium Silicate/Calcium Phosphate Cement

“…2 Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is one of the bone graft substitutes available in clinical trial due to its good injectability, self-curing ability, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity. 3,4 However, the insufficiencies of proosseous and provascular performances limit its clinical application. 5 The introduction of bioactive ions that could enhance bone formation and angiogenesis is one of the most promising ways to improve the regenerative bone repair effect of CPC.…”

“…The core of the third generation of bone repair materials is that in the process of bone repair, biomaterials could induce cells to secrete osteogenesis-related and angiogenesis-related proteins and factors to promote the formation of new bones and new blood vessels, realizing self-repair in situ . Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is one of the bone graft substitutes available in clinical trial due to its good injectability, self-curing ability, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity. , However, the insufficiencies of proosseous and provascular performances limit its clinical application . The introduction of bioactive ions that could enhance bone formation and angiogenesis is one of the most promising ways to improve the regenerative bone repair effect of CPC. – Silicon (Si) was proved to act as a calcification site to promote biomineralization .…”

“…Under the premise of ensuring the stability of materials, doping multiple ions could combine their advantages to achieve the dual effects of significantly promoting bone formation and vascularization. – Vahabzadeh et al found that doping Zn and Si in CPC could better improve the amount of new bone and angiogenesis in vivo than doping Zn only. Lu et al discovered that 30 mol.% Zn-doped calcium silicate (CS, CaSiO 3 ) could further improve CPC’s osteogenic and angiogenic efficacies compared to the control (CPC containing 10 wt% CS). A previous study of our research group revealed that the addition of 20 wt% CS could provide CPC with favorable in vitro osteogenesis and angiogenesis .…”