Zinc Iodide in combination with Dimethyl Sulfoxide for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections

Hoang, Ba X.; Huy, Hoang Quang; Han, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109866

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Thus, the researchers suggest that zinc might Accepted manuscript inhibit the interaction between SARS-COV-2 protein S and ACE2, a recipient of the enveloped virus (15) . Ionophores, such as hydroxychloroquine, hinokitiol, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and viral pyrithione, play an important role in the antiviral activity of zinc, stimulating zinc influx into cellular cytoplasm (12,16,19) . Cell culture studies revealed that high concentrations of zinc and the supplementation of compounds that stimulate the cellular zinc influx inhibited the replication of several RNA viruses, including the influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and various picornaviruses (12,16) .…”

Section: Covid-19: Antiviral Activity and Mechanism Of Action Of Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain studies raised awareness of the relevance of zinc in the prevention of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, like the coronavirus infectious disease (COVID- 19). Indeed, zinc is heavily investigated concerning its potential as a therapeutic target in the treatment of this infection because of performance of zinc in the immune response, regulating proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and function of leukocytes and lymphocytes, as well as further modulating the inflammatory response (6)(7)(8)(9) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiviral and immunological activity of zinc and possible role in COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Zinc deficiency compromises its biological functions, its effect on the immune system and its antiviral activity, increasing vulnerability to infectious diseases. This narrative review aims at presenting and discussing functional aspects and possible mechanisms involved in the potential role of zinc in the immune response and antiviral activity for COVID-19 prevention and control. The searches were conducted in PubMed and Science Direct databases, using clinical trials, experimental studies in animals and humans, case-control studies, case series, letters to the editor, and review articles published in English, without restrictions on year of publication. Search approach was based on using the terms: “zinc”, “COVID-19”, “antiviral agents”, “immunologic factors”, and “respiratory tract infections”. Literature shows the importance of zinc as an essential mineral immunomodulator with relevant antiviral activity in the body. Thus, although there is still a scarcity of studies evaluating zinc supplementation in patients with COVID-19, the results on the topic show the necessity of controlling zinc mineral deficiency, as well as maintaining its homeostasis in the body in order to strengthen the immune system and improve the prevention of highly-complex viral infections, such as that of the COVID-19.

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Section: Covid-19: Antiviral Activity and Mechanism Of Action Of Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral and immunological activity of zinc and possible role in COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…Zinc is a mineral nutrient that acts as a cofactor for many key cell reactions, playing an important role in the growth of cells. Zinc also plays a role in the development and it has functions associated with metabolism and the immune system ( Hoang et al, 2020 ). It has been described in vitro that increased intracellular Zn 2+ levels are able to disturb the replication of several RNA viruses, including influenza virus, polio virus, and SARS-CoV ( te Velthuis et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Substances From Foods Potentially Useful In Treating Covid-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do nutrients and other bioactive molecules from foods have anything to say in the treatment against COVID-19?

Quiles

Rivas-García

Varela‐López

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

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The repositioning of therapeutic agents already approved by the regulatory agencies for the use of drugs is very interesting due to the immediacy of their use; similarly, the possibility of using molecules derived from foods, whether nutrients or not, is of great importance, also because of their immediate therapeutic applicability. Candidates for these natural therapies against COVID-19 should show certain effects, such as restoring mitochondrial function and cellular redox balance. This would allow reducing the susceptibility of risk groups and the cascade of events after SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for the clinical picture, triggered by the imbalance towards oxidation, inflammation, and cytokine storm. Possible strategies to follow through the use of substances of food origin would include: a) the promotion of mitophagy to remove dysfunctional mitochondria originating from free radicals, proton imbalance and virus evasion of the immune system; b) the administration of transition metals whose redox activity would lead to their own oxidation and the consequent generation of a reduced environment, which would normalize the oxidative state and the intracellular pH; c) the administration of molecules with demonstrated antioxidant capacity; d) the administration of compounds with anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory activity; e) the administration of immunomodulatory compounds.

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“…Zinc-ionophores shuttle free zinc in or out of cells, depending on the free zinc concentration gradient, and also serve as intracellular zinc transporters for zinc compartmentation to enhance the zinc-dependent effects. An iincreasee in intracellular zinc ion and the administration of zinc ionophores have been proved to impair the replication of a wide range of RNA viruses, including rhinoviruses, influenza, coxsackievirus, mengovirus, picornavirus, herpes, and coronaviruses [3] .…”

Section: Background To Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

A possible application of hinokitiol as a natural zinc ionophore and anti-infective agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral infections

Hoang

Han

2020

Medical Hypotheses

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Zinc and the combination with zinc ionophore have been reported in basic research and several clinical investigations as a potentially viable and economical preventive and therapeutic options for COVID-19 treatment. Zinc is a vital microelement that actively supports respiratory epithelium barrier integrity, innate and adaptive immune functions, and inflammatory regulations. Moreover, zinc may also prevent viral entry, suppress viral replication, and mitigate the damages due to oxidative stress and hyperinflammatory reaction in patients with respiratory infections. Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) is a natural monoterpenoid and is considered as a safe zinc ionophore to help zinc transport into cells. It has been widely used in skin and oral care, and therapeutic products for its potent antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer applications. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the significant morbidity and mortality exist in the high-risk group of patients associated with other respiratory infections such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and dengue fever. There is an urgent need for the development of inexpensive, safe, and effective therapeutics to prevent and treat these viral infections. Considering that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the most studied zinc ionophore drug for COVID-19, is linked to potentially serious side effects, we propose the implementation of hinokitiol as a zinc ionophore and anti-infective agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and other viral infections.

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Zinc Iodide in combination with Dimethyl Sulfoxide for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Antiviral and immunological activity of zinc and possible role in COVID-19

Antiviral and immunological activity of zinc and possible role in COVID-19

Do nutrients and other bioactive molecules from foods have anything to say in the treatment against COVID-19?

A possible application of hinokitiol as a natural zinc ionophore and anti-infective agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral infections

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