Zinc oxide/clove essential oil incorporated type B gelatin nanocomposite formulations: A proof-of-concept study for 3D printing applications

3D printed corn starch–gelatin film with glycerol and hawthorn berry ( Crataegus pinnatifida ) extract

“…Another possible reason of the negative result might be due to the concentration of HBE that incorporated into the CSG filmforming solution was insufficient to exhibit any antibacterial activities against E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. The amount of the film-forming solution used in 3D printing by foodbot was lesser as compared to the pour and casting method (Ahmed et al, 2020). 3D…”

Semi-solid extrusion 3D printing in drug delivery and biomedicine: Personalised solutions for healthcare challenges

“…Journal Pre-proof Besides food printing, SSE can also be employed to create nanocomposites and coatings with antimicrobial properties for food packaging. One example of this application is found where gelatin films containing zinc oxide and clove essential oil were fabricated as an internal coating in packaging (158). These types of internal coatings are interesting not only for food packaging applications, but also for pharmaceutical packaging.…”

Nanoengineered biomimetic hydrogels: A major advancement to fabricate 3D‐printed constructs for regenerative medicine

“…Using nanometer‐sized ZnO as reinforcing agent for printing formulations is not uncommon, a recent study reporting a gelatin‐alginate polymeric ink with increased shape fidelity after the nanoparticle's addition. Films obtained using alginate/gelatin/ZnO composition showed increased antimicrobial activity against two pathogens and improved tensile strength (Ahmed, Mulla, Joseph, et al, 2020). Taking a step further and targeting BTE applications, another study focused on designing a thermo‐ and pH‐responsive polymeric formulation based on chitosan and glycerol phosphate, the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles granting exceptional antimicrobial activity (Ramesh et al, 2020).…”

“…0D nano‐reinforcing agents enhancing the performance of inks based on natural hydrogels: (a) TEM image of HAp nanoparticles, (a′) the addition of HAp nanoparticles improves the mechanical properties of an alginate/gelatin 3D printed hydrogel; (b) SEM micrograph of SiO 2 nanoparticles, (b′) increased ALP activity is observed for SiO 2 ‐nano‐reinforced inks; (c) SEM image of bioglass nanoparticles, (c′) X‐ray diffractogram shows crystalline peaks of HAp, thus confirming the mineralization of bioglass‐supplemented printing formulations; (d) TEM image of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles, (d′) the self‐healing efficiency of 3D printed hydrogels elevates with the increase of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles addition; (e) FESEM micrograph of ZnO nanoparticles, (e′) the antibacterial activity of 3D printed gelatin hydrogels containing ZnO nanoparticles is intensified. (a) reprinted from Chang et al (2013) Copyright (2013) with permission from Elsevier, (a′) reproduced from (Fan et al, 2019) (licensed under CC BY 3.0), (b) reproduced from M. A. Ahmed et al (2015) (licensed under CC BY 4.0), (b′) reproduced from Roopavath et al (2019) (licensed under CC BY 3.0), (c) reproduced from X. Wang et al (2014) (licensed under CC BY 4.0), (c′) reproduced from Montalbano, Borciani, et al (2020) (licensed under CC BY 4.0), (d) adapted with permission from Tognato et al (2019), (d′) reprinted from Ko et al (2020) Copyright (2020) with permission from Elsevier, (e) reproduced from Al‐Bedairy and Habeeb Als (2018) (licensed under CC BY 4.0), (e′) reprinted from Ahmed, Mulla, Joseph, et al (2020) Copyright (2020) with permission from Elsevier. 0D, zero‐dimensional; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; HAp, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles; SEM, scanning electron microscope; TEM, transmission electron microscopy…”