Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Reinforced Waste Buffing Dust Based Composite Insole and Its Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

The objective of this research is to use zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) combined with buffing dust to develop footwear insole with antibacterial properties. In addition, performance analysis (mechanical, chemical, and thermal) of fabricated insole is also the integral consideration of this study. With such aim, antimicrobial composite insoles were fabricated via simple solution mixing of ZnONPs and natural rubber latex (NRL) binder along with buffing dusts with optimum ratio. Then, removal of water was considered by mechanical pressing followed by natural drying in sunlight. The chemical bonding and material interactions of composites were investigated using FT-IR and XRD, respectively. TGA analysis confirmed the thermal stability of composites, while SEM and OTR are elucidating the surface morphology and gas barrier properties, respectively. Tensile strength, elongation, flexibility, hardness, and water absorption of prepared composite with optimum NRL content were increased by 39, 31, 30, 38, and 28%, respectively. Finally, 78% antimicrobial performance was achieved against the suspension of ( 1.5 × 10 6 CFU / mL ) bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus.

Biodegradable and flexible fiber‐reinforced composite sheet from tannery solid wastes: An approach of waste minimization

“…Initially, BD experienced a rapid moisture loss, accounting for a 15% weight reduction upon heating to 90°C. Notably, the degradation process initiates with the deterioration of organic elements, likely due to the presence of moisture in the fiber, which is lost in the first degradation 5,36 . In the second phase, a more accelerated degradation process was observed compared to the first, with hydrophilic organic compounds like proteins, fatty substrates, and tanning ingredients breaking down into intermediate compounds, leading to a weight loss of up to 40% between 150 and 350°C.…”

“…Initially, BD experienced a rapid moisture loss, accounting for a 15% weight reduction upon heating to 90 C. Notably, the degradation process initiates with the deterioration of organic elements, likely due to the presence of moisture in the fiber, which is lost in the first degradation. 5,36 In the second phase, a more accelerated degradation process was observed compared to the first, with hydrophilic organic compounds like proteins, fatty substrates, and tanning ingredients breaking down into intermediate compounds, leading to a weight loss of up to 40% between 150 and 350 C. Simultaneously, NRL degradation further enhanced the overall process. Eventually, the remaining BD material was entirely depleted in the final stage after 700 C. 37 Regarding the composite sheet, a minor 5% weight loss was observed at 100 C which primarily attributed to water molecule absorption and gradual fiber evaporation.…”

Effect of Mechanical Properties on Fibre Addition of Flax and Graphene-Based Bionanocomposites

“…In comparison to 2.5 and 7.5% graphene additions, 5% graphene additions showed superior mechanical strength (36.59 MPa tensile, 40.25 MPa flexural and 31.68 kg/m 2 impact). Better stress distribution and transmission may account for the improved mechanical properties of graphene in resin at a concentration of 5 Wt.% [27,28]. Adding more filled graphene to the polymer matrix influenced the decohesion bonding between the fibre and the matrix by increasing the conveyance and size of holes [29].…”

Fabrication of biodegradable kraft paper from buffing dust and jute fiber: Green solutions for packaging

“…Additionally, a distinct crystalline peak at 22 further confirms the crystallinity of buffing dust, which is attributed to the abundance of these functional groups. 31 Moving on to jute fiber, a prominent peak is observed at 27 , corresponding to the cellulose and lignin components present in the fiber. The presence of a smaller crystalline peak at 44 suggests the impact of these components on hydrogen bond formation and the development of the crystalline structure.…”

“…However, the absence of the peak at 44 in the composite kraft paper suggests a disruption in the crystalline regions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, possibly due to the interaction between the components. 31,33 Additionally, the presence of broad peaks at 17 and 27 suggests the existence of crystalline regions within the composite. Hence from the analysis, it reveals that the crystalline properties of buffing dust, jute fiber, and their composite, providing a deeper understanding of their structural characteristics and the interactions between the components.…”