Zinc Removal from Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Filter Cake by Leaching with Organic Acids

Wang, Jingxiu; Wang, Zhe; Zhang, Zhongzhi; Zhang, Guangqing

doi:10.1007/s11663-018-1440-3

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Wang et al recovered zinc from BOF sludge with different organic acids [90]: oxalic, citric, acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acid. These organic acids are biodegradable, so that secondary waste can be avoided.…”

Section: Leaching With Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

Binnemans

Jones

Fernández

et al. 2020

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The state of the art for the recovery of metals from steel industry by-products using hydrometallurgical processes is reviewed. The steel by-products are different slags, dusts, and sludges from a blast furnace (BF), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), electric arc furnace (EAF), and sinter plant, as well as oily mill scale and pickling sludge. The review highlights that dusts and sludges are harder to valorize than slags, while the internal recycling of dusts and sludges in steelmaking is inhibited by their high zinc content. Although the objectives of treating BF sludges, BOF sludges, and EAF dust are similar, i.e., the removal of zinc and the generation of an Fe-rich residue to be returned to the steel plant, these three classes of by-products have specific mineralogical compositions and zinc contents. Because wide variations in the mineralogical composition and zinc content occur, it is impossible to develop a one-size-fits-all flow sheet with a fixed set of process conditions. The reason for the interest in EAF dust is its high zinc content, by far the highest of all steel by-products. However, EAF dust is usually studied from the perspective of the zinc industry. There are not only different concentrations of zinc, but also variations in the all-important ZnO/ZnFe2O4 (zincite-to-franklinite) ratio. In many chemical processes, only the ZnO dissolves, while the ZnFe2O4 is too refractory and reports to the residue. It only dissolves in concentrated acids, or if the dust is pre-treated, e.g., with a reductive roasting step. The dissolution of ZnFe2O4 in acidic solutions also brings significant amounts of iron in solution. Finally, due to its high potassium chloride content, sinter-plant dust could be a source of potassium for the fertilizer industry. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Leaching With Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

Binnemans

Jones

Fernández

et al. 2020

J. Sustain. Metall.

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“…[8,9] As ZnO content increases in the refractory material, damage of the refractory material may occur. [10] If we consider the maximum use of various dust (not only BF dust but also basic oxygen furnace dust [11,12] and electric arc furnace dust [13,14] ), it is important to know the chemistry of iron ore sinter containing ZnO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Basicity and Al2O3 Content on the Chemistry of Phases in Iron Ore Sinter Containing ZnO

Park

Ramaraghavulu

Suh

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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The effects of basicity and Al 2 O 3 content on the chemistry of phases in iron ore sinter containing ZnO were investigated by Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Bulk composition analysis was carried out using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and wet-chemical analysis. The composition of each phase was investigated using a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX). It was found that ZnO exists in the franklinite and the silicoferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) phases. With increasing ZnO content, the phase fraction of the franklinite increased, while the fraction of SFCA slightly increased. When ZnO content was fixed at 1 wt pct and basicity increased, the fraction of franklinite decreased and that of SFCA increased. Here, the solubility of ZnO in the SFCA increased. As the Al 2 O 3 content increased, the fraction of franklinite decreased and that of SFCA increased, while ZnO content in the SFCA did not change significantly.

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“…Different leaching technologies have been reported for the recovery of zinc from BOF sludge. These routes comprise leaching with mineral acids [8][9][10][11][12], leaching with organic acids [13,14], alkali leaching [3,15], and ammoniacal leaching [16][17][18]. The pros and cons of these routes are discussed below, while Table 1 briefly summarizes the main conclusions and challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A process for removing zinc from BOF sludge by leaching with spent pickling liquor (HCl) was reported, where iron co-dissolution can be reduced by keeping the pH at 4-5 [12]. Organic acids have also been investigated for the recovery of zinc from BOF sludge [13,14]. The use of organic acids is justified because they are biodegradable and environmentally benign, which implies that the generation of harmful secondary wastes can be avoided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Removal of Zinc from BOF Sludge by Leaching with Mixtures of Ammonia and Ammonium Carbonate

Rodriguez

Gijsemans

Bussé

et al. 2020

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The zinc content of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) sludges is too high for direct recycling into the blast furnace via the sinter plant, as excessive zinc concentrations are detrimental for the refractory lining of the blast furnace. However, by partial and selective removal of zinc from the BOF sludge, the residual sludge can be used as a secondary iron resource in the blast furnace. In this paper, BOF sludge was leached with aqueous ammonia, aqueous solutions of ammonium salts (chloride, carbonate, and sulfate), and aqueous mixtures of ammonia and ammonium salt. The mixtures of ammonia and ammonium salt could leach more zinc with respect to either the aqueous ammonia or the aqueous ammonium salt solution. The ammonia–ammonium carbonate (AAC) mixture was selected as the most suitable lixiviant due to the high zinc leaching efficiency in combination with a high selectivity towards iron; furthermore, this combination does not introduce unwanted chloride or sulfate impurities in the residue. The leaching process was optimized in terms of the liquid-to-solid ratio, total ammonia concentration, ammonium:ammonia molar ratio, temperature, and leaching time. The co-dissolved iron was precipitated as a hydroxide after oxidation of ferrous to ferric ions by an air stream, without co-precipitation of zinc, while the dissolved zinc could be easily recovered as zinc sulfide by precipitation with ammonium sulfide. The (almost) closed-loop process was successfully up-scaled from 10 mL to 1 L scale. Graphical Abstract

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Zinc Removal from Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Filter Cake by Leaching with Organic Acids

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

Effects of Basicity and Al2O3 Content on the Chemistry of Phases in Iron Ore Sinter Containing ZnO

Selective Removal of Zinc from BOF Sludge by Leaching with Mixtures of Ammonia and Ammonium Carbonate

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