Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome

Ota, Erika; Mori, Rintaro; Middleton, Philippa; Tobe‐Gai, Ruoyan; Mahomed, Kassam; Miyazaki, Celine; Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmed

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000230.pub5

Cited by 220 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Research carried out among pregnant women in developed and developing countries has shown a positive correlation between zinc supplementation during pregnancy and the birth weight of the child. A significant association was shown between zinc supplementation during pregnancy and a decrease in the incidence of premature births [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Zinc is essential to the proper functioning of certain hormones, for instance insulin. However, an excessive intake of zinc can have the adverse effect of suppressing copper absorption [14][15][16]. The daily requirement for zinc during pregnancy ranges from 11-12 mg. Good sources of dietary zinc include whole wheat bread, buckwheat, dry legumes, cheeses and seafood, and meat from where it is best absorbed.…”

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected trace elements concentrations in pregnancy and their possible role — literature review

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to review the role of selected trace elements in pregnancy and fetal development. Citations related to the role of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) during pregnancy were searched in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, using keywords and MeSH terms. Inadequate supply of trace elements can cause abnormalities of fetal development and predispose a child to disorders later on in life. Trace elements are the key elements of complex enzymes responsible for the modulation of the antioxidant defense system of the organism. It has been suggested that there is a correlation between reduced levels of trace elements essential for antioxidant function in the body of pregnant women, and an increased risk of developing preeclampsia. Trace elements are components of numerous regulatory enzymes and hormones essential to the division and differentiation of fetal cells and their further development. Mineral deficiencies in pregnant women can cause birth defects of the central nervous system, and growth disorders. Future research should be directed to explain the interaction between trace elements, and establish the optimum levels of macro and micronutrients supplementation, as well as determine the reference values for trace elements in the maternal serum, umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected trace elements concentrations in pregnancy and their possible role — literature review

et al. 2017

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“…30 The number of included participants in the reviews ranged from 603 participants 41 to over 310 000 participants. 24 Supplementation with vitamins was reported in five reviews, 24-26 45 46 supplementation with minerals in eight reviews [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and MMN supplementation was assessed in three reviews. [35][36][37] There was one review on protein supplementation and nutritional education 38 and two reviews reported on marine oil and fatty acid supplementation.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nutrition interventions during pregnancy on low birth weight: an overview of systematic reviews

et al. 2017

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IntroductionLow birth weight (LBW, birth weight less than 2500 g) is associated with infant mortality and childhood morbidity. Poor maternal nutritional status is one of several contributing factors to LBW. We systematically reviewed the evidence for nutrition-specific (addressing the immediate determinants of nutrition) and nutrition-sensitive (addressing the underlying cause of undernutrition) interventions to reduce the risk of LBW and/or its components: preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational age (SGA).MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (September 2015). Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials focusing on nutritional interventions before and during pregnancy to reduce LBW and its components were eligible for inclusion into the overview review. We assessed the methodological quality of the included reviews using A Measurement Tool to Assess Reviews (AMSTAR), PROSPERO: CRD42015024814.ResultsWe included 23 systematic reviews which comprised 34 comparisons. Sixteen reviews were of high methodological quality, six of moderate and only one review of low quality. Six interventions were associated with a decreased risk of LBW: oral supplementation with (1) vitamin A, (2) low-dose calcium, (3) zinc, (4) multiple micronutrients (MMN), nutritional education and provision of preventive antimalarials. MMN and balanced protein/energy supplementation had a positive effect on SGA, while high protein supplementation increased the risk of SGA. High-dose calcium, zinc or long-chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation and nutritional education decreased the risk of PTB.ConclusionImproving women’s nutritional status positively affected LBW, SGA and PTB. Based on current evidence, especially MMN supplementation and preventive antimalarial drugs during pregnancy may be considered for policy and practice. However, for most interventions evidence was derived from a small number of trials and/or participants. There is a need to further explore the evidence of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in order to reach the WHO’s goal of a 30% reduction in the global rate of LBW by 2025.

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“…21,23 Fourth, zinc is important for neuron formation, migration, and synapse generation, 24 and, if given as a supplement, can reduce the risk of preterm birth. 25 Fifth, tryptophan is an essential amino acid needed for the formation of neurotransmitters. 26 Sixth, Ω-3 fatty acids are necessary for the development of neural cell membranes.…”

Section: The Impact Of Preconception and Prenatal Maternal Nutrition mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopment: The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Preconception and Pregnancy in Low-Resource Settings

et al. 2017

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The rapid pace of fetal development by far exceeds any other stage of the life span, and thus, environmental influences can profoundly alter the developmental course. Stress during the prenatal period, including malnutrition and inflammation, impact maternal and fetal neurodevelopment with long-term consequences for physical and mental health of both the mother and her child. One primary consequence of maternal malnutrition, inflammation, and other sources of prenatal stress is a poor birth outcome, such as prematurity or growth restriction. These phenotypes are often used as indications of prenatal adversity. In fact, the original evidence supporting the fetal programming hypothesis came from studies documenting an association between birth phenotype and the development of subsequent physical and mental health problems. Fetal growth restriction in both term and preterm infants is associated with neonatal morbidities and a wide variety of behavioral and psychological diagnoses in childhood and adolescence, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, internalizing and thought problems, poor social skills, and autism spectrum disorder. Improving maternal–child health requires interventions that begin before pregnancy and continue throughout gestation and into the postpartum period. Such interventions might include supporting pregnancy intention, maternal nutrition, health/medical care, mental health, and providing social support. This article discusses the impact of maternal nutrition and inflammation during preconception and pregnancy among women living in low-resource settings, with an emphasis on key knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to guide program and policy decisions at local, regional and global levels.

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Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome

Cited by 220 publications

References 82 publications

Selected trace elements concentrations in pregnancy and their possible role — literature review

Selected trace elements concentrations in pregnancy and their possible role — literature review

Effects of nutrition interventions during pregnancy on low birth weight: an overview of systematic reviews

Neurodevelopment: The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Preconception and Pregnancy in Low-Resource Settings

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