Zirconia Based Ceramic, In-Cylinder Coatings and Aftertreatment Oxidation Catalysts for Reduction of Emissions from Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Voss, Ken; Cioffi, John; Gorel, Alex; Norris, M. L.; Rotolico, Tony; Fabel, Art

doi:10.4271/970469

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Besides NO x and PM, diesel emissions also contain a large variety of organic compounds present in both the particle and gas phase (Eastwood, 2000;Schauer et al, 1999;De Abrantes et al, 2004). These organic species are most commonly derived from the diesel fuel, which contains C 10 eC 25 hydrocarbons, and lubrication oil, which contains primarily higher molecular weight hydrocarbons (Schauer et al, 1999;Johnson and Kittelson, 1994;Voss et al, 1997). Additionally, the hydrocarbon species present within the diesel fuel and lubrication oil may produce thermally-altered byproducts during in-cylinder combustion or during DPF regeneration when temperatures exceed 250 C (Schauer et al, 1999;Rogge et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of C1, C2, and C10 through C33 particle-phase and semi-volatile organic compound emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines

Liu

Berg

Vasys

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

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To meet increasingly stringent regulations for diesel engines, technologies such as combustion strategies, aftertreatment components, and fuel composition have continually evolved. The emissions reduction achieved by individual aftertreatment components using the same engine and fuel has been assessed and published previously (Liu et al., 2008a,b,c). The present study instead adopted a systems approach to evaluate the net effect of the corresponding technologies for model-year 2004 and 2007 engines. The 2004 engine was equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, while the 2007 engine had an EGR system, a crankcase emissions coalescer, and a diesel particulate filter. The test engines were operated under the transient federal test procedure and samples were collected with a source dilution sampling system designed to stimulate atmospheric cooling and dilution conditions. The samples were analyzed for elemental carbon, organic carbon, and C 1 , C 2 , and C 10 through C 33 particle-phase and semivolatile organic compounds. Of the more than 150 organic species analyzed, the largest portion of the emissions from the 2004 engine consisted of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and naphthalene and its derivatives, which were significantly reduced by the 2007 engine and emissions technology. The systems approach in this study simulates the operation of real-world diesel engines, and may provide insight into the future development of integrated engine technology. The results supply updated information for assessing the impact of diesel engine emissions on the chemical processes, radiative properties, and toxic components of the atmosphere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of C1, C2, and C10 through C33 particle-phase and semi-volatile organic compound emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines

Liu

Berg

Vasys

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Low molecular weight hydrocarbons such as those below C 22 are frequently derived from diesel fuel, while high molecular weight hydrocarbons are present in lubrication oil (Johnson and Kittelson, 1994;Voss et al, 1997) although significant overlap exists (Zielinska et al, 2004). The majority of organic hydrocarbons in Table 2 have a low molecular weight and therefore are believed to be from fuel-derived sources and most displayed a reduction of greater than 90%.…”

Section: Organic Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is apparent from The reduction of alkanes (also shown in Fig. 2 as arranged by carbon number), like many of the other hydrocarbon species, primarily occurs through gas-phase oxidation, although filtration can make a minor contribution (Johnson and Kittelson, 1994;Voss et al, 1997;Bagley et al, 1998). Most low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2e3 rings) consist of fuel-derived hydrocarbons, typically present in the engine exhaust and in the gas phase (Zielinska et al, 2004).…”

Section: Organic Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These organic species are most commonly derived from the diesel fuel, which contains C 10 eC 25 hydrocarbons, and lubrication oil, which contains primarily higher molecular weight hydrocarbons (Schauer et al, 1999;Johnson and Kittelson, 1994;Voss et al, 1997). Additionally, the hydrocarbon species present within the diesel fuel and lubrication oil may produce thermally-altered byproducts during in-cylinder combustion or during DPF regeneration when temperatures exceed 250 C (Schauer et al, 1999;Rogge et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of C1, C2, and C10 through C33 particle-phase and semi-volatile organic compound emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines

Liu¹,

Berg

Vasys³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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a b s t r a c tTo meet increasingly stringent regulations for diesel engines, technologies such as combustion strategies, aftertreatment components, and fuel composition have continually evolved. The emissions reduction achieved by individual aftertreatment components using the same engine and fuel has been assessed and published previously (Liu et al., 2008a,b,c). The present study instead adopted a systems approach to evaluate the net effect of the corresponding technologies for model-year 2004 and 2007 engines. The 2004 engine was equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, while the 2007 engine had an EGR system, a crankcase emissions coalescer, and a diesel particulate filter. The test engines were operated under the transient federal test procedure and samples were collected with a source dilution sampling system designed to stimulate atmospheric cooling and dilution conditions. The samples were analyzed for elemental carbon, organic carbon, and C 1 , C 2 , and C 10 through C 33 particle-phase and semivolatile organic compounds. Of the more than 150 organic species analyzed, the largest portion of the emissions from the 2004 engine consisted of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and naphthalene and its derivatives, which were significantly reduced by the 2007 engine and emissions technology. The systems approach in this study simulates the operation of real-world diesel engines, and may provide insight into the future development of integrated engine technology. The results supply updated information for assessing the impact of diesel engine emissions on the chemical processes, radiative properties, and toxic components of the atmosphere.

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“…Fraser et al (1998) and He et al (2006) with a C number maximum located at 24. The hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (C 10 -C 25 ) are most commonly derived from diesel fuel, whereas lubricating oils contain primarily high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (Schauer et al, 1999;Voss et al, 1997), although significant overlap exists (Zielinska et al, 2004). During dynamic test carried out on individual engine, Rogge et al (1993a) have quantified n-alkanes that range from C 19 to C 32 in fine particle vehicle exhausts.…”

Section: Chemical Characteristics Of Identified Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse approach between tunnel environment and corrosion: Particulate matter in the Grand Mare tunnel

Ameur-Boudabbous

Kasperek

Barbier

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A tunnel-type semi-enclosed atmosphere is characterized by a higher particulate pollution than urban zones and highlights the particulate species having an impact on material degradation. Therefore, a transverse approach between air composition and its consequences upon longevity of materials is necessary, requiring a better knowledge of tunnel atmosphere and a better understanding of material degradation inside a tunnel for operating administration. The characterization of particulate matter collected inside a road tunnel in Rouen (France) allows us to set up the features of the particle characteristics of the real conditions of field exposure. Two sampling campaigns include analyses of organic and water-soluble ionic fractions. The current work shows that organic species, grouped into two sets derived primarily from engine exhaust and debris with wear particles resuspended by the traffic, are divided into two groups: a majority comprising n-alkanes, alkanoic acids, phthalates, ketones, and benzothiazole and a minority one composed of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), furans, phenols, and alkenes. As regards the water-soluble ionic fraction, the ionic species such as Cl, and Na þ are involved in the degradation process. The inorganic particles (insoluble and slightly soluble), debris and wear particles, organic acids, and relative humidity play a key role and are important factors to consider in the degradation process.Implications: Particles, together with relative humidity, can play an important role in the degradation of materials inside a road tunnel. Depth knowledge of the environment prevailing inside a tunnel improves the criteria for selection of materials of equipments contained therein. In the present study, it appears that the particulate mass can be divided into two groups with distinct effects: a water-soluble particle group is the source of ionic species involved in the degradation process, and a slightly water-soluble or insoluble particle group that acts as reservoir of condensed water when covering the surface of the material.

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Zirconia Based Ceramic, In-Cylinder Coatings and Aftertreatment Oxidation Catalysts for Reduction of Emissions from Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of C1, C2, and C10 through C33 particle-phase and semi-volatile organic compound emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines

Analysis of C1, C2, and C10 through C33 particle-phase and semi-volatile organic compound emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines

Analysis of C1, C2, and C10 through C33 particle-phase and semi-volatile organic compound emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines

Transverse approach between tunnel environment and corrosion: Particulate matter in the Grand Mare tunnel

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