Zone-levelling Czochralski growth of MgO-doped near-stoichiometric lithium niobate single crystals

Growth and characterizations of ZnO-doped near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals by zone-leveling Czochralski method

“…The zinc-doped SLN single crystals were then grown by the ZLCz technique, as illustrated in Ref. [11]. A c-axis seed was used for the growth with a rotation speed of 6 rpm and a pulling speed of 0.6 mm/h; the lifting speed of the outer crucible was adjusted by a PC to ensure the mass balance according to the weight of the growing crystal.…”

“…The power for induction heating was also adjusted for automatic diameter control. The detailed procedure for ZLCz growth can be found elsewhere [11]. The grown crystals, similar to MgO-doped SLN [11], had white Li 3 NbO 4 deposition on the surface.…”

“…For MgO-doped SLN, several methods have been used [9][10][11][12][13]. The double crucible Czochralski method (DCCz) using powder feeding reported by Kitamura et al [9,10] have been a successful process, but the system is more complicated.…”

“…The double crucible Czochralski method (DCCz) using powder feeding reported by Kitamura et al [9,10] have been a successful process, but the system is more complicated. We also developed a process combining the concept of zone melting and crystal pulling, the so-called zone-leveling Czochralski method (ZLCz) [11]. MgOdoped SLN single crystals with uniform diameter and composition were grown from a Li-rich (Li 2 O 60 mol%) solution.…”

Growth and ferroelectric domain control of homogeneous MgO-doped near-stoichiometric lithium niobate single crystals by melt-supplying technique

“…The effective segregation coefficient of Mg was decreased from 1.3 to 0.84 when the doping concentration levels of MgO were raised from 0.6 to 5.4 mol%. Recently, Tsai et al [13] reported the zone-levelling Czochralski growth of MgSLN crystals and the effective segregation coefficient of MgO was tested to be 1.07, which was very close to unity, the theoretical value of zone melting growth.…”