Zonulin, a regulator of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions, and its involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases

Sturgeon, Craig; Fasano, Alessio

doi:10.1080/21688370.2016.1251384

Cited by 375 publications

(355 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…The use of it might benefit many patients, in whom increased intestinal permeability would ultimately result in various pathologies [7,8,9,10]. Bovine colostrum might also have a preventive role in healthy people and help to restore gut status after use of antibiotics or NSAIDs, both of which can increase intestinal permeability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Stool Concentrations of Zonulin in Athletes

et al. 2017

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Increased intestinal permeability has been implicated in various pathologies, has various causes, and can develop during vigorous athletic training. Colostrum bovinum is a natural supplement with a wide range of supposed positive health effects, including reduction of intestine permeability. We assessed influence of colostrum supplementation on intestinal permeability related parameters in a group of 16 athletes during peak training for competition. This double-blind placebo-controlled study compared supplementation for 20 days with 500 mg of colostrum bovinum or placebo (whey). Gut permeability status was assayed by differential absorption of lactulose and mannitol (L/M test) and stool zonulin concentration. Baseline L/M tests found that six of the participants (75%) in the colostrum group had increased intestinal permeability. After supplementation, the test values were within the normal range and were significantly lower than at baseline. The colostrum group Δ values produced by comparing the post-intervention and baseline results were also significantly lower than the placebo group Δ values. The differences in stool zonulin concentration were smaller than those in the L/M test, but were significant when the Δ values due to intervention were compared between the colostrum group and the placebo group. Colostrum bovinum supplementation was safe and effective in decreasing of intestinal permeability in this series of athletes at increased risk of its elevation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Stool Concentrations of Zonulin in Athletes

et al. 2017

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“…The serum protein zonulin, which was first described by Fasano et al, can be used as a peripheral marker to assess gut permeability [3, 4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota, dietary intakes and intestinal permeability reflected by serum zonulin in women

et al. 2018

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PurposeIncreased gut permeability causes the trespass of antigens into the blood stream which leads to inflammation. Gut permeability reflected by serum zonulin and diversity of the gut microbiome were investigated in this cross-sectional study involving female study participants with different activity and BMI levels.Methods102 women were included (BMI range 13.24–46.89 kg m−2): Anorexia nervosa patients (n = 17), athletes (n = 20), normal weight (n = 25), overweight (n = 21) and obese women (n = 19). DNA was extracted from stool samples and subjected to 16S rRNA gene analysis (V1–V2). Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) was used to analyze data. Zonulin was measured with ELISA. Nutrient intake was assessed by repeated 24-h dietary recalls. We used the median of serum zonulin concentration to divide our participants into a “high-zonulin” (> 53.64 ng/ml) and “low-zonulin” (< 53.64 ng/ml) group.ResultsThe alpha-diversity (Shannon Index, Simpson Index, equitability) and beta-diversity (unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances) of the gut microbiome were not significantly different between the groups. Zonulin concentrations correlated significantly with total calorie-, protein-, carbohydrate-, sodium- and vitamin B12 intake. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified Ruminococcaceae (LDA = 4.163, p = 0.003) and Faecalibacterium (LDA = 4.151, p = 0.0002) as significantly more abundant in the low zonulin group.ConclusionButyrate-producing gut bacteria such as Faecalibacteria could decrease gut permeability and lower inflammation. The diversity of the gut microbiota in women does not seem to be correlated with the serum zonulin concentration. Further interventional studies are needed to investigate gut mucosal permeability and the gut microbiome in the context of dietary factors.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-018-1784-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…However, few data are available to support this innovative hypothesis. Thus, the objective of our study was to determine if the serum concentration of zonulin, a physiologic regulator of intestinal permeability 10 , is increased in healthy older people. We also aimed to determine if chronologic age was associated with increases in high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein that triggers inflammation and is commonly found in epithelial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Permeability Biomarker Zonulin is Elevated in Healthy Aging

Goel

Kim

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

109

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Introduction Increased gut permeability (“leaky gut”) has been proposed as a potential contributor to age-related inflammation and gut dysbiosis. However, information on the relationship between a leaky gut and inflammation and physical frailty during aging are limited. Objective To investigate the hypothesis that an aging-associated leaky gut is linked to the age-related inflammation and frailty. Methods Two cohorts of healthy adults were studied: young (18–30-years-old, n=19) and older (≥70-years-old, n=18). Serum concentrations of the TNF-α and IL6, zonulin (a marker for leaky gut) and high-mobility group box protein (HMGB1, a nuclear protein triggering inflammation) were measured. Correlations of serum levels of zonulin and HMGB1 with strength of plantar flexor muscles and number of steps taken per day were analyzed. Results Serum concentration of zonulin and HMGB1 were 22% (p = 0.005) and 16% (p = 0.010) higher in the older vs young adults. Serum zonulin was positively associated with the concentrations of the TNF-α (r=0.357, p=0.032) and IL6 (r=0.345, p=0.043). Importantly, both zonulin and HMGB1 were negatively correlated with skeletal muscle strength (zonulin: r=−0.332, p=0.048; HMGB1: r=−0.383, p=0.023) and habitual physical activity (zonulin: r=−0.410, p=0.016; HMGB1: r=−0.483, p=0.004). Conclusions Serum zonulin was associated with both systemic inflammation and two key indices of physical frailty. These data suggest that a leaky gut may play a critical role in the development of age-related inflammation and frailty.

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Zonulin, a regulator of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions, and its involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases

Cited by 375 publications

References 153 publications

Oral Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Stool Concentrations of Zonulin in Athletes

Oral Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Stool Concentrations of Zonulin in Athletes

Gut microbiota, dietary intakes and intestinal permeability reflected by serum zonulin in women

Intestinal Permeability Biomarker Zonulin is Elevated in Healthy Aging

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