Zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in Pere David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) in Henan, China

New Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolated from Sika Deer and Red Deer in China

“…These results are consistent with those published from Maryland, USA, in white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) (32.5%) (Santin and Fayer, 2015), and from Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces, China, in sika deer and red deer (31.9%) (Zhao et al, 2014); and Henan Province, China, in Pere David's deer ( Elaphurus davidianus ) (34.0%) (Zhang et al, 2015), but in contrast with those from New York, USA, in white-tailed deer (12.2%) (Guo et al, 2014), and from Jilin Province, China, in sika deer (7.1%) (Zhang et al, 2016). Generally speaking, the infection rates in different studies are affected by many factors, including age distributions, specimen sizes, management systems, population density, health status of the hosts, and the sensitivity and specificity of the detection methods used, so it is difficult to explain the actual discrepancies in the prevalence of E. bieneusi .…”

“…Several recent studies conducting on white-tailed deer, sika deer, red deer, and Pere David's deer have identified Genotypes I, J,WL4, WL18, WL19, LW1, DeerEb1 to DeerEb13 in the USA and genotypes BEB6, type IV, EbpC, EbpA, J, COS-I, COS-II, CHN-DC1, KIN-1, JLD-1 to JLD-3, HLJD-I to HLJD-V in China (Guo et al, 2014; Zhao et al, 2014; Santin and Fayer, 2015; Zhang et al, 2015, 2016). In the present study, 25 genotypes (seven known and 18 novel) were identified with an analysis of the ITS sequences of 221 E. bieneusi isolates.…”

“…Recent genetic analysis using ITS and mini- and microsatellite markers showed that directed evolution of EbpC to other genotypes in swine and humans samples (Wan et al, 2016). Genotypes HLJDI and HLJD-IV were originally and uniquely identified in sika deer (Zhao et al, 2014), whereas COS-I was previously identified in sheep, dairy cattle, and Pere David's deer (Zhang et al, 2015; Li et al, 2016). …”

“…Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an obligate intracellular Fungi that infects a wide range of hosts, including humans, nonhuman primates, pigs, cattle, horses, llamas, kudus, dogs, cats, foxes, raccoons, otters, ermines, bears, deer, guinea pigs, beavers, rabbits, muskrats, falcons, snakes, wild rodents, and other birds, as well as environmental samples (Santín and Fayer, 2011; Guo et al, 2014; Karim et al, 2014b,c; Zhao et al, 2014; Corradi, 2015; Zhang et al, 2015). The pathogen, which is responsible for more than 90% of human microsporidiosis, usually invades the epithelial cells of the small intestine, causing chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, and wasting syndrome in immunocompromised individuals, including patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Didier and Weiss, 2006).…”

“…Several studies about E. bieneusi infections have been conducted on white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ), sika deer ( Cervus nippon ), red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), and Pere David's deer ( Elaphurus davidianus ) in the last 3 years (Guo et al, 2014; Zhao et al, 2014; Santin and Fayer, 2015; Zhang et al, 2015, 2016). In these studies, genotypes I, J,WL4, WL18, WL19, LW1, and DeerEb1 to DeerEb13 were detected in the USA, and genotypes BEB6, type IV, EbpC, EbpA, J, COS-I, COS-II, CHN-DC1, KIN-1, JLD-1 to JLD-3, and HLJD-I to HLJD-V were found in China (Table 1).…”