Zoonotic parasites: the One Health challenge

Otranto, Domenico; Strübe, Christina; Xiao, Lihua

doi:10.1007/s00436-021-07221-9

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition to the human population density, the presence of microfilaremic dogs ( 21 ) conditions the establishment of an enzootic cycle and the emergence of cases of human pulmonary dirofilariasis in areas of socio-environmental vulnerability, making it a worrying factor according to the One Health concept ( 22 , 23 ). Therefore, implementing public policies for the management of environmental sanitation, control of vector mosquitoes by the endemic sector, and educational planning for health professionals by the local authorities is of paramount importance ( 24 , 25 ). The study area once considered free of heartworm transmission, currently presents data suggesting the existence of this parasite ( 13 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological analysis of Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) infecting pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) in Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro

de Andrade Vieira,

da Silva,

Paulino

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Dirofilaria immitis infection is routinely detected in dogs during veterinary care in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Parasitological tests for the detection of this infection are routinely performed only in areas with a high prevalence. Baixada Fluminense, a region in Rio de Janeiro, was considered heartworm-free until local veterinarians began to receive blood exams results indicating the presence of microfilariae (MF). A laboratory database was hence used to collect data from 2017 to 2020 to understand the extent of spread of the parasite in this area. The results of complete blood count analysis and MF or heartworm antigen detection tests conducted on canine samples sent from veterinary clinics in Baixada Fluminense (Magé, Duque de Caxias, Guapimirim, Nova Iguaçu, and São João de Meriti municipalities) were included. In total, the results of 16,314 hematological tests were considered. The overall prevalence of D. immitis was 3.4% (554/16,314), considering that only one test result was obtained per animal on the same day. This study is highly relevant because it indicates the spreading geographic distribution of the worms, heightens awareness among local health professionals and the general population, and encourages compliance with prophylactic measures to prevent further spread of parasite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological analysis of Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) infecting pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) in Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro

de Andrade Vieira,

da Silva,

Paulino

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…In the past three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us the relevance of integrative medicine (also known as One Health) [29,30]. Thelaziasis caused by T. callipaeda, as a vector-borne zoonotic parasitic disease, has also received growing interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Culture and Life Cycle of Thelazia callipaeda in Intermediate and Definitive Hosts

Wang

Yin

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Human thelaziasis caused by Thelazia callipaeda is being increasingly reported worldwide. Notably, an epidemic trend is observed in Southwest China. Whether Phortica okadai found in Southwest China can act as a vector of T. callipaeda and human-derived T. callipaeda animal infections has not been widely reported. Here, P. okadai was maintained in a laboratory and experimentally infected with first-stage larvae collected from adult T. callipaeda that were isolated from infected human subjects. Dead P. okadai were subjected to PCR assay and dissected every two days to detect T. callipaeda. Subsequently, live flies were used to infect a rabbit. The infection procedures were performed once a day (20 min) for two weeks. The results show that L1 collected from the adult T. callipaeda could successfully parasitize P. okadai captured in Zunyi, a city in Southwest China, and developed into L3, and a rabbit was successfully infected with T. callipaeda using P. okadai as the intermediate host. The present study demonstrates a human-derived T. callipaeda infection in rabbits, through P. okadai, under laboratory conditions for the first time. These results provide insights into the transmission cycle of T. callipaeda and constitute a foundation to develop an effective treatment protocol for T. callipaeda infection.

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“…Thelaziasis caused by T. callipaeda, as a vector borne zoonotic parasitic disease, has also received a growing interest. T. callipaeda shares the same environment and lives with its hosts [30]. However, with urbanization, invasion of wildlife into urban areas, animal movements between regions, countries, and continents, as well as human leisure activities, diverse wildlife-domestic animal human interfaces have been created, and the prevention and control of T. callipaeda are proving to be challenging [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory culture and life cycle of Thelazia callipaeda in intermediate and definitive hosts

Wang

Tang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Human thelaziasis caused by Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) is being increasingly reported worldwide. Notably, it shows an epidemic trend in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Whether Phortica okadai distributed in Southwest China can act as a vector of T. callipaeda and human-derived T. callipaeda animal infections have not been widely reported, there is also limited literature on animal models with T. callipaeda infection.Methods: T. callipaeda was isolated from cases of human infection and identified by morphological and molecular analyses. P. okadai was cultured in a laboratory and experimentally infected with first-stage larvae (L1) collected from adult worms. Dead P. okadai were subjected to PCR assay and dissected every two days to detect T. callipaeda. Live flies were then used to infect a rabbit using a special device. The infection procedures were performed once a day (20 min) for two weeks. The infected rabbit was examined every two days for worms in the eyes. Results: The nematode causing parasitic infection in the patient's eyes was identified as T. callipaeda. L1 collected from adult T. callipaeda successfully parasitized P. okadai captured in Zunyi, a city in Southwest China, and developed into L3. Experimentally infected P. okadai, as a vector of T. callipaeda, could then be used to transmit L3 to rabbits. A rabbit was successfully infected with T. callipaeda using P. okadai as the intermediate host. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates a human-derived T. callipaeda infection in rabbits, through P. okadai, under laboratory conditions for the first time. These results indicate that there is a transmission cycle of T. callipaeda and suggest a likely epidemic risk due to an increasing trend of this zoonotic nematode in southwest China.

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Zoonotic parasites: the One Health challenge

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Epidemiological analysis of Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) infecting pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) in Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro

Epidemiological analysis of Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) infecting pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) in Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro

Laboratory Culture and Life Cycle of Thelazia callipaeda in Intermediate and Definitive Hosts

Laboratory culture and life cycle of Thelazia callipaeda in intermediate and definitive hosts

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