ZSM-5 as a support for Ru-containing catalysts of levulinic acid hydrogenation: Influence of the reaction conditions and the zeolite acidity

CeOx‐induced oxygen vacancy‐enhanced Pt‐based titanium silicalite‐1 catalysts for selective conversion of levulinic acid

“…Furthermore, Brønsted acid sites can lower the desorption energy barrier of GVL to ensure the efficient progress of the tandem reaction. 17,42 This provides an explanation for the high selectivity of the series catalysts toward GVL (Figure 7a). Figure 5a shows the XPS spectrum of Pt 4f orbit for Pt 0. at 71.3-71.4 eV and 74.6-74.7 eV correspond to Pt 0 , while the binding peaks at 72.5 eV and 76.0 eV are indicative of Pt 2+ species.…”

“…4‐HVA is first initiated by Lewis acid sites, and then efficiently converted to GVL under the coordination of a modest quantity of Brønsted acid sites. Furthermore, Brønsted acid sites can lower the desorption energy barrier of GVL to ensure the efficient progress of the tandem reaction 17,42 . This provides an explanation for the high selectivity of the series catalysts toward GVL (Figure 7a).…”

“…16 Abusuek et al emphasized the crucial role of the carrier in Ru/HZSM-5 in the selective hydrogenation of LA, whereby the abundant Lewis acid centers on HZSM-5 can enhance the efficiency of dehydration conversion of 4-hydroxyvaleric acid (4-HVA) intermediate into the target product GVL. 17 Additionally, oxygen vacancy engineering has also been widely applied in the field of biomass conversion. [18][19][20] Xing et al reported a NiW bimetallic catalyst and demonstrated the strong adsorption capability of surface oxygen vacancies for carbonyl oxygen atoms on the material through DFT theoretical calculations.…”

“…Zeolites are extensively utilized in catalytic biomass upgrading reactions by virtue of their dual functionality as carriers and possessing specific acidic sites 16 . Abusuek et al emphasized the crucial role of the carrier in Ru/HZSM‐5 in the selective hydrogenation of LA, whereby the abundant Lewis acid centers on HZSM‐5 can enhance the efficiency of dehydration conversion of 4‐hydroxyvaleric acid (4‐HVA) intermediate into the target product GVL 17 …”

Review and Outlook on Regulation of Catalyst Activity, Selectivity, and Stability for Biomass Hydrodeoxygenation Reaction in an Aqueous Environment

“…Consequently, the concentrated sorbitol solution alters the product distribution, favoring the generation of 1-hexane. 55 Abusuek et al 56 investigated the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) over Ru-containing catalysts, which used ZSM-5 as a support, for the generation of γ-valerolactone (GVL) in aqueous medium. The results showed that the support acidity and surface content of RuO 2 strongly influence the catalytic activity.…”