Zum dynamischen Verhalten von Polymerisationsreaktoren

Abstract

Am Beispiel der thermischen Substanzpolymerisation von Styrol in einem kontinuierlich betriebenen Ruhrkessel wird untersucht, wie durch eine Storung in der Warmeabfuhr die Temperatur ansteigt und die Reaktion beschleunigt wird, bis unter besonders ungunstigen Bedingungen die Reaktion durchgeht. Die Vorgange lassen sich mit einem elektronischen Analogie-Rechner simulieren, so daB sich das Verhalten des Reaktors bei groBeren Storungen vorausberechnen IuBt und wirksame GegenmaBnahmen eingeplant werden konnen.

Computers and Process Control

“…Another important reactor control topic is that of minimum time processing (17H). Considerable information on chemical reactor dynamics of ammonia reactors (31), polymerization reactors (291), styrene reactors (13J) and reactor systems (111,171,181,191), kinetics in general (II, 251), and on simulation of reactors (2J, 8J, 25J) has also appeared.…”

“…Computer control Nuclear plant applications (7C, 5C, 27C, 47C, 60C) Paper mill applications 61,771,771,781,791,251,291) Crystallization system dynamics Programming-general (2B, 3B, 4B, 6B, 10B, 725, 20B, Feedforward vs. feedback control (16K, 26K) Flow measurement (18G, 79G, 27G) Identification and sensitivity (8K, 39K, 40K) Hardness gages (29G)…”

Experimentally Coupled Thermokinetic Oscillators: Phase Death and Rhythmogenesis

“…In the field of chemical reactor safety, it is common knowledge that not only the static stability but also the dynamic stability of exothermic reactions, which are run in a cooled CSTR, have to be evaluated . Examples of direct industrial relevance which show dynamic instabilities are the oxo process and many polymerization reactions. , Vleeschhouwer et al investigate autonomous thermal oscillations in an industrial oxo reactor (volume 6000 L) emphasizing safety aspects. Furthermore, the above-mentioned class of polymerization reactions, which also shows a broad spectrum of complex nonlinear dynamics such as periodic and chaotic thermal oscillations, is of great industrial importance but also has caused most of the incidents in industry .…”

The Iron(III)-Catalyzed Oxidation of Ethanol by Hydrogen Peroxide: A Thermokinetic Oscillator

“…In contrast to isothermal oscillating systems, even first-order exothermic reactions with sufficiently high activation energies and reaction enthalpies can display periodic oscillations in temperature and material concentrations when they are performed in a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR). , Typical examples of thermokinetic oscillators are, for example, the decomposition of the dihydroperoxide of m -diisopropylbenzene, the decomposition of dinitrogenoxide at a copperoxide contact, the chlorination of methyl chloride in the gas phase, the hydrolysis of acetyl chloride, the oxidation of hydrogen by air at an aluminum oxide catalyst, the oxidation of thiosulfate by hydrogen peroxide , the hydrolysis of 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol, and the metal catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide . Moreover, important industrial processes, such as the oxo synthesis (hydroformylation) and the polymerization of styrene, are also known to display thermokinetic oscillations under certain conditions. Hazardous states can occur when temperature oscillations with high amplitudes emerge suddenly after small changes of a control parameter or when the system changes the stationary temperature of a given working point in a bistable region.…”