IntroductionSince the publication of the first edition of this Handbook [1], knowledge concerning the preparation of zeolite-entrapped metal complexes, the methods for their characterization, and their application in catalytic transformations have been gradually extended. In particular, whilst the examples of catalytic applications of these host/guest compounds have considerably broadened, the principally available methods for their preparation and characterization have been extended only in an ''evolutionary'' manner. Thus, the first two sections of this chapter, which describe the synthesis and characterization of zeolite-encaged metal complexes, have been only slightly modified and/or extended, and more recent references have been added. Overall, the subject matter of this chapter is restricted to physically entrapped complexes, while immobilization by anchoring or grafting is detailed in Chapters 2.4.5 and 2.4.9 of this Handbook. The third section of the chapter, which describes catalysis by zeoliteentrapped transition metal complexes, has been extended and updated in order to cover more recent developments in the field.
Synthesis of Zeolite-Entrapped Metal ComplexesA variety of monodentate as well as bidentate and polydentate ligands has been used for the preparation of transition metal complexes in zeolites. The early studies on monodentate-based complexes were originally extensively reviewed by Lunsford [2, 3] and later updated by Mortier and Schoonheydt [4] and by Ozin and Gil [5]. The present chapter will, therefore, focus on the preparation of zeolite-entrapped transition metal complexes with bidentate and polydentate ligands.Until about 1996, only relatively few bidentate and polydentate ligands had been investigated for the synthesis of transition metal complexes in zeolites. These included ethylenediamine, tetraethylenepentamine, dimethylglyoxime, phenanthroline, bi-and terpyridine, various Schiff bases, phthalocyanines, and porphyrins. From a catalytic point of view, * Corresponding author.