Zur Frage der Existenz von Erdalkalimetallsubhalogeniden

Emons, H.‐H.; Grothe, W.; Hellmold, Peter; Richter, D.

doi:10.1002/zaac.19633230304

Cited by 28 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Furthermore, Ca metal dissolves into molten CaCl 2 at high temperature. 15) This mixture might be kinetically more reactive than bulk calcium metal when cooled to room temperature suggesting the possibility of reactions between the organic solvents and Ca metal. We confirmed this possibility.…”

Section: Reaction Of Ca and Dmsomentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonaqueous Solvents for Leaching CaCl2 Flux from Calcium-Reduced Titanium Powder

Inoue

Uda

2019

Mater. Trans.

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Deoxidation of titanium by a calcium reductant is a promising process for the recycling of titanium scrap. Molten calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) is typically used as a flux for calcium oxide (CaO) formed as a by-product of deoxidation. At present, removal of CaCl 2 CaO can only be achieved by aqueous leaching. However, when CaCl 2 hydrate is heated, a pyrohydrolysis reaction occurs, making it difficult to reuse the CaCl 2 . Therefore, in this study, we examined organic solvents as alternatives to aqueous leaching. Formamide, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethylenediamine were selected as candidate organic solvents. The solubility of CaCl 2 in DMSO was found to be 9.2 g per 100 g-solvent at 69°C and that in formamide was 25.9 g per 100 g-solvent at 47°C.Vacuum distillation and crystallization separation were examined as separation methods for the solvent and solute after leaching. A low temperature vacuum distillation, i.e., less than around 200°C for DMSO, is required to prevent thermal decomposition. However, the rate of the vacuum distillation at low temperatures was slow. We therefore devised a process combining a nonpolar solvent-induced precipitation with vacuum distillation to reduce the amount of solvent requiring distillation. Benzene was selected as a nonpolar solvent to induce precipitation from DMSO. After the precipitation, DMSO-solvated CaCl 2 was obtained and distilled under vacuum.

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Section: Reaction Of Ca and Dmsomentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonaqueous Solvents for Leaching CaCl2 Flux from Calcium-Reduced Titanium Powder

Inoue

Uda

2019

Mater. Trans.

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“…The solubility of calcium in CaCl2 has been studied by many authors in different countries, but the numerical data differ significantly due to the use of different methods for preparing chloride and analyzing calcium in it [3,55,56,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77]. These works are described in detail in the monograph [3], and the measured values of calcium solubility are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Calcium Solubility In Cacl2mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature electrochemistry of calcium

Zaikov

Batukhtin

Шуров

et al. 2022

EM&T

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Electrolytically produced calcium is one of the most demanded materials in obtaining pure materials. At the same time, the existing technologies and devices for the electrolytic production of calcium were developed in the last century, and at present there are practically no works aimed at optimizing them. However, increasing the capacity and efficiency of existing devices for the production of calcium is in demand. To analyze possible ways to improve calcium production, a comprehensive understanding of the processes occurring at the electrodes and in the electrolyte during electrolytic production of calcium is required. This review briefly outlines the main points concerning the electrolytic production of calcium: from a brief history of the development of methods for the electrolytic production of calcium and established ideas about its physicochemical processes to information about new developments using the electrolysis of CaCl2-based melts. Review content: brief history of process development; base electrolyte for calcium production, including preparation of CaCl2 and influence of additions on it physicochemical properties; data on calcium solubility in CaCl2; information about alternative electrolytes for calcium production; short description of electrode processes in the CaCl2-based melts; proposed technologies and devices for the electrolytic production of calcium.

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“…The calcium -calcium chloride phase diagram has been well studied at low calcium concentrations (10,11,12,17,18,19,20,21). The only data covering the whole composition range is that of Staffanson (7).…”

Section: Modeling Of Phase Diagramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Calcium in CaCl2-CaO

Shaw

Watson

2009

ECS Trans.

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The solubility of calcium in calcium chloride - calcium oxide is of interest in processes reducing metal oxides in calcium chloride based salt systems. The solubility of calcium in calcium chloride was measured as 2.7mol% at 1073K. This reduced to 0.4mol% at a calcium oxide content of 9.0mol%. Experimental data for the binary components of the calcium - calcium chloride - calcium oxide ternary system has been used to construct a model of the ternary system, against which the results reported here are compared. At high calcium oxide concentrations there is reasonable agreement between model and experiment; at low calcium oxide concentrations the model predicts lower calcium concentrations than found experimentally.

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Zur Frage der Existenz von Erdalkalimetallsubhalogeniden

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Nonaqueous Solvents for Leaching CaCl<sub>2</sub> Flux from Calcium-Reduced Titanium Powder

Nonaqueous Solvents for Leaching CaCl<sub>2</sub> Flux from Calcium-Reduced Titanium Powder

High-temperature electrochemistry of calcium

Solubility of Calcium in CaCl2-CaO

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