Zur Zucht und Biologie der Zecken

Ënigk, K.; Grittner, Ingeburg

doi:10.1007/bf00260410

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The tubes were used to assess activity because it had previously been found that many ticks of all stages, although responding to stimuli, do not seem to be sufficiently viable to attach to a host and feed. Conversely, it was found that many ticks can be induced to feed unnaturally early after hatching or moulting, an observation previously made by Enigk & Grittner (1953) and also observed in preliminary studies by the present author. It was thought that the tubes would provide a good test of tick viability as well as ensure that ticks were only deemed active when they reached the vegetation surface.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

The Fecundity of Ixodes Ricinus (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae) and the Mortality of its Developmental Stages Under Field Conditions

Gray

1981

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The egg production of females of Ixodes ricinus (L.) was found to be closely related to the engorged body weight. The relationship was due almost entirely to the size of the blood-meal. Smaller ticks seemed to be slightly more efficient than larger ones in converting their blood-meal to eggs. Ticks, especially larvae, that overwintered in diapause did not survive as well as those that fed and then moulted in the same year. Larvae that fed and entered diapause early in the autumn did not survive as well as those that fed later in the season. A very high proportion of tick eggs hatched, either in the same year as they were laid or after overwintering. Almost all nymphs and adults became active and climbed to the top of the tubes after moulting. Although most larvae appeared to become active, only about half of them reached the tops of the tubes. This is thought to be a reflection on the fact that larvae are adapted to parasitise small rodents. It is suggested that winter temperatures may play an important part in determining the mortality rate of larvae that overwinter in the engorged state.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

The Fecundity of Ixodes Ricinus (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae) and the Mortality of its Developmental Stages Under Field Conditions

Gray

1981

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…This behaviour precluded the measurement of activity with standard laboratory procedures for a tick that ambushes. It was thus assumed that ticks are active over a threshold temperature of 12°C (Enigk and Grittner, 1953) and that host‐finding rates follow a relationship with temperature. Because of the lack of knowledge about host densities in the geographical range of application, which influence the rate of attachment, host‐finding rates for both larvae (Ql) and adults (Qa) were adjusted to simulate the cohort of active ticks to find a host in a maximum of 30 days if daily T > 12°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Population Model to Describe the Distribution and Seasonal Dynamics of the Tick Hyalomma marginatum in the Mediterranean Basin

Estrada-Peña

Aviles²,

Reoyo³

2011

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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A dynamic population model of Hyalomma marginatum, the vector of several pathogens in the western Palearctic, was developed to simulate effects of temperature and water vapour deficit (VD) on tick survival, development rates and seasonality. Base tick survival and development rates were obtained from laboratory-controlled experiments or calculated from reported data. These rates were modelled as temperature-dependant time delays or accumulated mortality by temperature and water VD stress. Using daily data derived from a gridded data set at 10-min resolution, the model reached stable and cyclical equilibria in an area that corresponds largely with the reported distribution of the tick in western Palearctic. The model did not identify a potential range of suitable climate for the tick out of the known distribution area, implying that under current climate conditions, there is no potential to spread at the spatial scale of the model. Tick die-out at northern latitudes was attributed to a steady increase in duration of the development rates of engorged nymphs to adults and hence increased mortality in this stage. Low developmental rates in northern latitudes produced the accumulation of most of the nymphal stock in late summer and early autumn, which cannot moult to adults because of the low temperatures of late autumn and winter. The tick did not produced self-sustained populations in areas where yearly accumulated temperatures were below 3000-4000 °C, a limit roughly found at latitudes north of 47 ºN. Tick die-out in sites southern to 34 ºN was attributed to the mortality rates of engorged nymphs, which moult in late spring and summer, in the season where temperatures and water vapour stresses were highest. These findings and future applications of the model in investigating the dynamics of pathogens potentially transmitted by H. marginatum are discussed.

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“…In Germany, only a few autochthonous areas are known. Enigk (1954) regarded D. reticulatus as a relict species absent from Germany, occurring only at natural, unchanged flood planes or forest sites close to lakes. After the published work of the early tick researchers in Germany up to the report of Liebisch and Rahman (1976) based on tick samplings in 43000 locations, D. reticulatus was reported only from the following four sites: southern Germany in the Main valley near Wu¨rzburg, north of Bamberg (Schulze, 1925), close to Tu¨bingen in the southwest (Liebisch and Rahman, 1976), and in eastern Germany in the Elbe valley of Saxony (Eichler, 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for an increased geographical distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in Germany and detection of Rickettsia sp. RpA4

Dautel¹,

Dippel²,

Oehme

et al. 2006

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

181

133

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Zur Zucht und Biologie der Zecken

Cited by 10 publications

References 67 publications

The Fecundity of Ixodes Ricinus (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae) and the Mortality of its Developmental Stages Under Field Conditions

The Fecundity of Ixodes Ricinus (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae) and the Mortality of its Developmental Stages Under Field Conditions

A Population Model to Describe the Distribution and Seasonal Dynamics of the Tick Hyalomma marginatum in the Mediterranean Basin

Evidence for an increased geographical distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in Germany and detection of Rickettsia sp. RpA4

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