A scalable route to 3-fluoro-6-methoxyquinoline
needed to be developed
as multi-kg amounts of this heterocycle were required. Initial route
development focused on the formation of the key C–F bond via
a Balz–Schiemann reaction or electrophilic fluorination using
Selectfluor. Both routes were developed on laboratory scale and provided
gram amounts of 3-fluoro-6-methoxyquinoline. However, due to process
safety concerns and high step counts, both routes were not suitable
for further scale up. Therefore, a third approach was developed, in
which the desired heterocycle was formed via condensation of p-anisidine with 2-fluoromalonic acid, two inexpensive and
commercially available starting materials. After intensive optimization
and safety studies, this POCl3-mediated process was successfully
scaled up to a 32 kg scale. After final hydrodechlorination, 12 kg
of 3-fluoro-6-methoxyquinoline with excellent purity was produced.