“…The broadening and small intensity of the (002) plane may indicate the low degree of orientation of the aromatic layer in the three-dimensional aromatic carbon arrangement, while the broadening in the (001) plane may be related to the small aromatic layer slice in the carbon material (Qiu et al 2019 ). This pattern indicates the presence of amorphous carbon with a low graphitization degree (Ebiad et al 2020 ; Liu et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The adsorption of CS 2 onto the ZC sample could be categorized as physisorption adsorption, with the change in free energy for this process ranging between − 2.14 and − 1.76 kJ.mol −1 . It was reported that the ∆ G ° for chemisorption ranges between − 80 and – 400 kJ.mol −1 and that for physisorption ranges from − 20 to 0 kJ.mol −1 (Ebiad et al 2020 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The carbon was prepared from date stones, and the detailed synthesis method was described (Ebiad et al 2020 ). The typical synthesis cleaned date stones (washed with distilled water) were dried at 105 °C and sieved from 1 to 2 mm.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to the FAO, Egypt is also the world’s top producer of dates (El-Sharabasy and Rizk 2019 ). Date stone usage as a carbon source is economically advantageous (Ebiad et al 2020 ). The biomass-derived materials have several applications environmental, wastewater treatment, climate change mitigation, and soil health improvement.…”
Carbon disulfide (CS2) is one of the sulfur components that are naturally present in petroleum fractions. Its presence causes corrosion issues in the fuel facilities and deactivates the catalysts in the petrochemical processes. It is a hazardous component that negatively impacts the environment and public health due to its toxicity. This study used zinc-carbon (ZC) composite as a CS2 adsorbent from the gasoline fraction model component. The carbon is derived from date stone biomass. The ZC composite was prepared via a homogenous precipitation process by urea hydrolysis. The physicochemical properties of the prepared adsorbent are characterized using different techniques. The results confirm the loading of zinc oxide/hydroxide carbonate and urea-derived species on the carbon surface. The results were compared by the parent samples, raw carbon, and zinc hydroxide prepared by conventional and homogeneous precipitation. The CS2 adsorption process was performed using a batch system at atmospheric pressure. The effects of adsorbent dosage and adsorption temperatures have been examined. The results indicate that ZC has the highest CS2 adsorption capacity (124.3 mg.g−1 at 30 °C) compared to the parent adsorbents and the previously reported data. The kinetics and thermodynamic calculation results indicate the spontaneity and feasibility of the CS2 adsorption process.
“…The broadening and small intensity of the (002) plane may indicate the low degree of orientation of the aromatic layer in the three-dimensional aromatic carbon arrangement, while the broadening in the (001) plane may be related to the small aromatic layer slice in the carbon material (Qiu et al 2019 ). This pattern indicates the presence of amorphous carbon with a low graphitization degree (Ebiad et al 2020 ; Liu et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The adsorption of CS 2 onto the ZC sample could be categorized as physisorption adsorption, with the change in free energy for this process ranging between − 2.14 and − 1.76 kJ.mol −1 . It was reported that the ∆ G ° for chemisorption ranges between − 80 and – 400 kJ.mol −1 and that for physisorption ranges from − 20 to 0 kJ.mol −1 (Ebiad et al 2020 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The carbon was prepared from date stones, and the detailed synthesis method was described (Ebiad et al 2020 ). The typical synthesis cleaned date stones (washed with distilled water) were dried at 105 °C and sieved from 1 to 2 mm.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to the FAO, Egypt is also the world’s top producer of dates (El-Sharabasy and Rizk 2019 ). Date stone usage as a carbon source is economically advantageous (Ebiad et al 2020 ). The biomass-derived materials have several applications environmental, wastewater treatment, climate change mitigation, and soil health improvement.…”
Carbon disulfide (CS2) is one of the sulfur components that are naturally present in petroleum fractions. Its presence causes corrosion issues in the fuel facilities and deactivates the catalysts in the petrochemical processes. It is a hazardous component that negatively impacts the environment and public health due to its toxicity. This study used zinc-carbon (ZC) composite as a CS2 adsorbent from the gasoline fraction model component. The carbon is derived from date stone biomass. The ZC composite was prepared via a homogenous precipitation process by urea hydrolysis. The physicochemical properties of the prepared adsorbent are characterized using different techniques. The results confirm the loading of zinc oxide/hydroxide carbonate and urea-derived species on the carbon surface. The results were compared by the parent samples, raw carbon, and zinc hydroxide prepared by conventional and homogeneous precipitation. The CS2 adsorption process was performed using a batch system at atmospheric pressure. The effects of adsorbent dosage and adsorption temperatures have been examined. The results indicate that ZC has the highest CS2 adsorption capacity (124.3 mg.g−1 at 30 °C) compared to the parent adsorbents and the previously reported data. The kinetics and thermodynamic calculation results indicate the spontaneity and feasibility of the CS2 adsorption process.
“…Hence, mathematical models were used to predict the adsorption behavior and patterns within the dynamic soil column. Many mathematical models can be used to analyze adsorption column test results, such as the Bohart–Adams, Bed Depth Service Time, Clark, Wolborska, Thomas, and Yoon–Nelson models, among which the Thomas model has been extensively applied [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. The Thomas model is usually adopted to describe the dynamic characteristics of the adsorption column and calculate the saturated adsorption capacity and adsorption rate constant, which are, therefore, applicable to any adsorption system [ 59 ].…”
Red-mud leachate from tailings ponds contains Cr(VI), which can pollute groundwater via infiltration through anti-seepage layers. This paper investigates leachate from a red-mud tailings pond in southwest China and the red clay in the surrounding area to simulate the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto clay at different pHs, using geochemical equilibrium software (Visual MINTEQ). We also performed dynamic adsorption testing of Cr(VI) on a clay anti-seepage layer. The dynamic adsorption behaviors and patterns in the dynamic column were predicted using the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models. Visual MINTEQ predicted that Cr(VI) adsorption in red-mud leachate onto clay was 69.91%, increasing gradually with pH, i.e., adsorption increased under alkaline conditions. Cr(VI) concentration in the effluent was measured using the permeability test through a flexible permeameter when the adsorption saturation time reached 146 days. At a low seepage rate, Cr(VI) adsorption onto the clay anti-seepage layer took longer. Saturation adsorption capacity, q0, and adsorption rate constant, Kth, were determined using the Thomas model; the Yoon–Nelson model was used to determine when the effluent Cr(VI) concentration reached 50% of the initial concentration. The results provide parameters for the design and pollution prediction of the clay anti-seepage layer of red-mud tailings ponds.
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