β-Lactamase Production in Key Gram-Negative Pathogen Isolates from the Arabian Peninsula

Abstract

SUMMARY Infections due to Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The extent of antibiotic resistance in GNB in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), namely, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain, has not been previously reviewed. These countries share a high prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing GNB, most of which are associated with nosocomial infections. Well-known and widespread β-lactamases genes (such as those for CTX-M-15, OXA-48, and NDM-1) have found their way into isolates from the GCC states. However, less common and unique enzymes have also been identified. These include PER-7, GES-11, and PME-1. Several potential risk factors unique to the GCC states may have contributed to the emergence and spread of β-lactamases, including the unnecessary use of antibiotics and the large population of migrant workers, particularly from the Indian subcontinent. It is clear that active surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the GCC states is urgently needed to address regional interventions that can contain the antimicrobial resistance issue.

Comparison of Molecular and Phenotypic Methods for the Detection and Characterization of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

“…However, it was quite interesting to witness E. cloacae carbapenem resistance in our study which apparently lacked any of the tested ESBLs and carbapenemase genes and we speculate that the resistance might be via porins loss or effl ux mechanism. None of the isolates was found to produce the KPC, or IMP type beta lactamase, although these enzymes have been previously documented in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait [26][27]. Our Diversilab rep-PCR analysis of the 9 K. pneumoniae isolates revealed a polyclonal origin of these isolates.…”

Rapid Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases by Flow Cytometry Method

“…Enterobacteriaceae ailesi üyeleri arasında GSBL'ye bağlı üçüncü kuşak sefalosporin direnç oranlarının, tüm dünya-da %6-38.5 arasında değiştiği bildirilmektedir 12 . Ülkemizde yapılan çalışmalarda; E.coli ve K.pneumoniae izolatlarında GSBL pozitifl ik oranı; Gür ve arkadaşları 13 tarafından sıra-sıyla %26 ve %32; Eraksoy ve arkadaşları 14 tarafından sırasıyla %15.3 ve %40.5; Zarakolu ve arkadaşları 15 tarafından ise sırasıyla %33 ve %31.4 olarak rapor edilmiştir.…”

Prevalence of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M among β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from tertiary care hospitals in Taif, Saudi Arabia

“…[2] In this study, the susceptibility of E. coli clinical isolates to 15 antibiotics was investigated. E. coli is known to be associated with the production of diverse classes of β-lactamases.…”

“…[2,3] The first reported β-lactamase is Temoniera β-lactamase or the so called TEM β-lactamase which was recovered from a clinical isolate of E. coli recovered from a the Greece patient named Temoniera. A sulfhydryl variable (SHV) β-lactamase is the second reported β-lactamase which was recovered from Klebsiella pneumonia.…”