γ-Ray-driven degradation of robust epoxy thermosets

Hu, Zhen; Xu, Ningdi; An, Ziqiang; Wang, Baolong; Lu, Fei; Tian, Bo; Yao, Gang; Liu, Yingying; Liu, Li; Huang, Yudong

doi:10.1039/d1mh01971f

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Moreover, the HB interaction formed abundant anchor points in cross-linked networks combined with the molecular interlocking of rigid–flexible molecular chains, which enhanced both the mechanical strength and ductility of EP-IMD effectively . As shown in Figure b and Table S3, other epoxy thermosets ,− ,,− ,, that were cured by a hardener containing various dynamic covalent bonds , generally exhibited a low elongation at break. By constructing additional non-covalent cross-links, our epoxy thermoset had high extendibility as well as almost the highest tensile strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Considering the requirements of gentleness and efficiency, the 1 M HCl/THF system was the most suitable degradation condition. The degradation condition and behavior of oxidative degradation, γ-Ray-driven degradation, and dynamic covalent bond-initiated degradation ,, are listed in Table S5. Recent years have witnessed the great progress in efficient degradation of epoxy thermosets and recycling of composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally speaking, the high-density cross-linked network of thermosetting materials often brings about a compromise between recyclability and service performance. − To adapt to different usage environments, epoxy thermosets are expected to have excellent stiffness and good toughness as well as ductility. Recently, incorporation of non-covalent interactions including hydrogen bonds (HBs), , metal coordination, and electrostatic interactions has attracted substantial technical interests in the design of degradable polymers with high tensile strength and ductility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Closed-Loop Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites Enabled by a Dual-Dynamic Cross-linked Epoxy Network

Liu

Yang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The development of covalent adaptable networks has addressed the issue that conventional epoxy thermosets are difficult to degrade and reprocess, but the greater challenge lies in how to overcome the trade-off between excellent degradability and mechanical properties such as stiffness and extensibility. Herein, a new concept of a dual-dynamic cross-linked network composed of dynamic covalent and non-covalent bonds (imine bonds and hydrogen bonds) was proposed for closed-loop recovery of epoxy thermosets/composites. Among them, the additional non-covalent crosslinks were constructed through the designed imine-containing hardener as the medium. The cooperative effects of hydrogen-bond interactions and molecular interlocking of rigid–flexible molecular chains enhanced greatly the stiffness and ductility, and the recoverable energy dissipation enabled the prepared epoxy thermoset to have excellent fracture toughness. Its tensile strength and impact strength reached ∼80.3 MPa and ∼24.2 kJ/m2, respectively. Importantly, driven by the pH-sensitive feature of the dual-dynamic network, the resultant thermoset was completely degraded within 3 h. Along the closed-loop sustainable route, the recoverable oligomer from the thermoset/matrix resin showed good potential in toughening brittle materials with a 55–94% increase in impact strength. Further, the recovered CF cloths that kept their usage value were re-prepared into new high-performance composites, realizing the conversion of waste to high-value applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Closed-Loop Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites Enabled by a Dual-Dynamic Cross-linked Epoxy Network

Liu

Yang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Recently, irradiation studies have also proven that epoxy systems can be depolymerized in a clean and effective fashion [143] . Huang and collaborators have successfully degraded an epoxy thermoset with disulfide‐diimine duality using γ‐rays [144] .…”

Section: Classification Of Recyclable Epoxy Thermosetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[142] Recently, irradiation studies have also proven that epoxy systems can be depolymerized in a clean and effective fashion. [143] Huang and collaborators have successfully degraded an epoxy thermoset with disulfide-diimine duality using γrays. [144] In the first stage, a hydrazide monomer containing disulfide was synthesized, and the resulting structure was reacted with 4-aminoacetophenone to obtain the target compound disulfide-diimine hardener h22.…”

Section: Recyclable Epoxy Thermosets Based On Dual Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy Thermosets Designed for Chemical Recycling

Türel

Dağlar

Eisenreich

et al. 2023

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Epoxy thermosets constitute a significant portion of high-performance plastics, as they possess excellent thermal and mechanical properties that are applicable in a wide range of industries. Nevertheless, traditional epoxy networks show strict limitations regarding chemical recycling due to their covalently crosslinked structures. Although existing methods provide partial solutions for the recycling of epoxy networks, it is urgent to develop more effective, sustainable, and permanent strategies that will solve the problem at hand. For this purpose, developing smart monomers with functional groups that enable the synthesis and development of fully recyclable polymers is of great importance. This review highlights recent advancements in chemically recyclable epoxy systems and their potential to support a circular plastic economy. Moreover, we evaluate the practicality of polymer syntheses and recycling techniques, and assess the applicability of these networks in industry.

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Phosphonate‐influenced Diels‐Alder chemistry toward multi‐path recyclable, fire safe thermoset and its carbon fiber composites

Lü

et al. 2023

EcoMat

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Dynamic covalent chemistry offers a solution to tackle the recycling issue of epoxy resins (EPs) and their carbon fiber‐reinforced composites; however, the vulnerability to creep associated with the inflammable nature of the EPs are the key obstacles for their applications. Herein, we propose a feasible and facile strategy to overcome these obstacles by incorporating phosphorus‐influenced Diels‐Alder (DA) chemistry to construct dynamic epoxy networks. In the strategy, the electron‐withdrawing phosphonate in the dienophile maleimide greatly promotes the thermal stability of the DA reaction, exhibiting excellent creep resistance, repairability, and malleability; while its flame‐retardant activity improves the fire safety of the resultant thermosets. Meanwhile, nondestructive recycling of carbon fiber is achieved. The ease with which EP and its composites can be manufactured, used, recycled and re‐used–without losing service performance–points to new orientation in sustainable composites.image

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γ-Ray-driven degradation of robust epoxy thermosets

Abstract: We exploit stable conjugated linkages, phenyl imine conjugated N–N bonds, for the γ-ray-induced controllable cleavage of polymer chains as a new methodology for the fabrication of γ-ray-degradable epoxy thermosets.

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Closed-Loop Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites Enabled by a Dual-Dynamic Cross-linked Epoxy Network

Closed-Loop Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites Enabled by a Dual-Dynamic Cross-linked Epoxy Network

Epoxy Thermosets Designed for Chemical Recycling

Phosphonate‐influenced Diels‐Alder chemistry toward multi‐path recyclable, fire safe thermoset and its carbon fiber composites

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