δ-Tocopherol promotes thermogenic gene expression via PGC-1α upregulation in 3T3-L1 cells

Suppression of Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by α-Tocopheryl Succinate

“…Beige adipocytes exhibit up-regulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC1-α) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) that occurs upon activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). 14,15) On the other hand, TS treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly reduced GPDH activity and increased the amount of glycerol in the culture medium, respectively (Figs. 3a, b), suggesting that TS can prevent lipid accumulation not only by inhibiting lipid synthesis, but also by accelerating lipolysis.…”

Effects of Royal Jelly and Tocotrienol Rich Fraction in obesity treatment of calorie-restricted obese rats: a focus on white fat browning properties and thermogenic capacity

“…***P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA in the up-regulation of UCP1 and also other thermogenic regulators in adipose tissues. However, several studies revealed the positive thermogenic effects of other vitamin E analogs (α-tocopherol and δ tocopherol) in UCP1 gene induction in WAT of rats and also mouse preadipocytes [29,30]. In our study, TRF was used comprised of all isoforms of tocotrienols along with αtocopherol.…”

Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…For instance, FOXO, PPAR-γ, and C/EBP-α are regulated by both ERK and p38 MAPKs [ 87 ]. However, PGC1-α is regulated by p38 [ 88 , 89 ]. Furthermore, it is involved in the phosphorylation of many other substrates, including ATF2 [ 90 ] and C/EBP-β [ 91 ] involved in adipocyte differentiation.…”