2017
DOI: 10.1038/srep44241
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δ15N Values in Crassostrea virginica Shells Provides Early Direct Evidence for Nitrogen Loading to Chesapeake Bay

Abstract: Crassostrea virginica is one of the most common estuarine bivalves in the United States’ east coast and is frequently found in archaeological sites and sub-fossil deposits. Although there have been several sclerochronological studies on stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in the shells of this species, less is known about δ15N values within their shells, which could be a useful paleoenvironmental proxy to assess estuarine nitrogen dynamics. Modern C. virginica samples were collected in Chesapeake Bay for compari… Show more

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Cited by 40 publications
(29 citation statements)
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“…These can be compared to past global and local paleo-environments reconstructed through stable isotope, metal or trace element analyses of the very same shells in order to characterize the temporal and spatial scales of biological responses to climatic events, in particular prior to access to instrumental data or historical records (reviewed in Jones et al, 2009). Marine bivalves such as A. islandica and P. maximus, for which we reported successful aDNA recovery in this study, have previously allowed sclerochronological reconstructions of past seawater temperature and salinity changes at millenniallength annual and seasonal resolutions, respectively (Surge et al, 2003;Chauvaud et al, 2012;Vokhshoori and McCarthy, 2014;Reynolds et al, 2016;Black et al, 2017). At a more local scale, the freshwater L. stagnalis, for which we report shell aDNA recovery here for the first time, is a model commonly used in ecotoxicology (Amorim et al, 2019).…”
Section: Potential Of Ancient Mollusk Dna For Studying Environmental mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These can be compared to past global and local paleo-environments reconstructed through stable isotope, metal or trace element analyses of the very same shells in order to characterize the temporal and spatial scales of biological responses to climatic events, in particular prior to access to instrumental data or historical records (reviewed in Jones et al, 2009). Marine bivalves such as A. islandica and P. maximus, for which we reported successful aDNA recovery in this study, have previously allowed sclerochronological reconstructions of past seawater temperature and salinity changes at millenniallength annual and seasonal resolutions, respectively (Surge et al, 2003;Chauvaud et al, 2012;Vokhshoori and McCarthy, 2014;Reynolds et al, 2016;Black et al, 2017). At a more local scale, the freshwater L. stagnalis, for which we report shell aDNA recovery here for the first time, is a model commonly used in ecotoxicology (Amorim et al, 2019).…”
Section: Potential Of Ancient Mollusk Dna For Studying Environmental mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These animals indeed grow their carbonate shells in an incremental fashion, simultaneously recording biological and environmental data (Fortunato, 2015;Steinhardt et al, 2016;Butler et al, 2019), which can be tracked through a multitude of proxies, including morphology, isotopes (e.g., ∂ 18 O shell , ∂ 13 C shell ), trace elements and metal composition (e.g., Ba, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, U, Zn). The rich fossil record of mollusk shells, thus, provides an equally rich environmental archive of seawater paleo-temperature and salinity (Surge et al, 2003;Chauvaud et al, 2005;Hiebenthal et al, 2012;Vokhshoori and McCarthy, 2014;Reynolds et al, 2016;Black et al, 2017), pollution levels (Vander Putten et al, 2000;Liehr et al, 2005;Pérez-Mayol et al, 2014), stress (Hiebenthal et al, 2012;Trivellini et al, 2018), infection history (Paillard et al, 2004;Trinkler et al, 2010), as well as food availability and primary productivity (Lartaud et al, 2010;Sadler et al, 2012).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Marine organisms occupying the West Florida Shelf thereby may have lower δ 15 N values than conspecifics elsewhere due to chemical differences at the base of the food web. In contrast, the nGoM and Virginia regions may have relatively high δ 15 N values and low stable carbon isotope (δ 13 C) values than adjacent regions due to high nitrogen loading from agricultural runoff (i.e., high nitrogen content; Black et al, 2017;Fritts et al, 2017) and freshwater influences, respectively-freshwater systems have distinctly lower δ 13 C values than marine systems (Fry and Sherr, 1989).…”
Section: Geographic Breakpointsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such records have been identified as crucial in understanding ecosystem scale food web dynamics (Casey and Post, 2011). For example, there have been a wealth of studies recently looking at the potential of mollusks to record changes in nitrogen inputs into an ecosystem due to anthropogenic influences, both in the soft tissue of the bivalve (Watanabe et al, 2009;Graniero et al, 2016) as well as the organic matrix of the carbonate shell (Carmichael et al, 2008;Kovacs et al, 2010;Graniero et al, 2016;Oczkowski et al, 2016;Black et al, 2017). One challenge with this marine proxy is that nitrogen isotopes measured in biogenic marine proxy archives such as bivalves are not only a function of  15 N of dissolved nitrogen substrates (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and urea) but also a function of their diet.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%