Аналіз Структури Синантропної Фракції Флори Міста Дунаївці (Хмельницька Область)

Abstract

The article presents the results of the analysis of the systematic, biomorphological, geographical and ecological structures of the apophytic and anthropophytic components of the synanthropic fraction of the flora of the town of Dunaivtsi, Khmelnytsky region. Identification of species of the study area was carried out by stationary, semi-stationary, detailed route methods throughout 2016–2019. The research was carried out on natural and anthropogenically altered areas of roadside and forest plantations, abandoned fields, agricultural lands, parks, roadsides, dumps. The summary of the synanthropic fraction of flora in Dunaivtsi includes species of natural flora, as well as those that are mostly cultivated, but for some reason at the time of the study were recorded outside their cultivation: in landfills, roadsides, as weeds in agricultural landscapes or in plantations of different economic purposes. 
 The Floristic list includes 206 species of 147 genera and 45 families, of which 112 species are represented by anthropophytes (54.4 %) and 94 – apophytes (45.6%). Among apophytes at the top there are hemiapophytes (37 species; 39.0 %), followed by evapophytes (33 species; 3 %), then eventapophytes (24 species; 26.0 %). Among anthropophytes, epecophytes predominate in terms of the degree of naturalization – 96 species (86m0 %); significantly fewer agriophytes – 13 species (12.0 %) and ephemerophytes – 3 species (3.0 %). 
 The ratio between the fractions is 1,2:1 in favor of adventitious plants, which indicates the superiority of adventization processes over apophytization processes in the town of Dunaivtsi, Khmelnytsky region.
 The proportion of the studied flora is 1: 3,3: 4,6, the average number of species in the family is 4.6, the generic coefficient being 1.4. The ten leading families include 138 species (67.0 %) and 97 genera (66.0 %) of the region’s flora. 
 In the biomorphological structure of the synanthropic fraction of flora of Dunaivtsi, according to the classification of I. G. Serebryakov, the vast majority of species (174 species, 85 %) are herbaceous plants, among them the duration of the life cycle is slightly dominated by herbaceous polycarpics (88 species, 43 %) over monocarpics (86 species, 42 %). According to the classification of biological types of K. Raunkier, more than half of the synanthropic fraction of flora are hemicryptophytes (107 species, 52 %); significant in number of species are therophytes – 82 species (40 %), and phanerophytes, hamephytes, cryptophytes and geophytes are represented by 17 species (8.2 %). 
 Geographical analysis of the studied synanthropic fraction of flora showed that the widest represented areological groups are Holarctic – 51 species, group of cosmopolitans – 48, Palearctic – 10, Eurasian – 23, Euro-Mediterranean – 44, Euro-Siberian – 10, North American – 12 species. The ecological structure of the flora in the composition of heliomorphs is dominated by heliophytes (112 species, 54.4 %); in the composition of hygromorphs – xeromesophytes (98 species, 47.6 %). 
 It was found that among the invasive species of the town, the most aggressive growth is characterized by Acer negundo, Galinsoga parviflora, Amaranthus retroflexus, Solidago canadensis.