No abstract

The article presents the results of the analysis of the systematic, biomorphological, geographical and ecological structures of the apophytic and anthropophytic components of the synanthropic fraction of the flora of the town of Dunaivtsi, Khmelnytsky region. Identification of species of the study area was carried out by stationary, semi-stationary, detailed route methods throughout 2016–2019. The research was carried out on natural and anthropogenically altered areas of roadside and forest plantations, abandoned fields, agricultural lands, parks, roadsides, dumps. The summary of the synanthropic fraction of flora in Dunaivtsi includes species of natural flora, as well as those that are mostly cultivated, but for some reason at the time of the study were recorded outside their cultivation: in landfills, roadsides, as weeds in agricultural landscapes or in plantations of different economic purposes. The Floristic list includes 206 species of 147 genera and 45 families, of which 112 species are represented by anthropophytes (54.4 %) and 94 – apophytes (45.6%). Among apophytes at the top there are hemiapophytes (37 species; 39.0 %), followed by evapophytes (33 species; 3 %), then eventapophytes (24 species; 26.0 %). Among anthropophytes, epecophytes predominate in terms of the degree of naturalization – 96 species (86m0 %); significantly fewer agriophytes – 13 species (12.0 %) and ephemerophytes – 3 species (3.0 %). The ratio between the fractions is 1,2:1 in favor of adventitious plants, which indicates the superiority of adventization processes over apophytization processes in the town of Dunaivtsi, Khmelnytsky region. The proportion of the studied flora is 1: 3,3: 4,6, the average number of species in the family is 4.6, the generic coefficient being 1.4. The ten leading families include 138 species (67.0 %) and 97 genera (66.0 %) of the region’s flora. In the biomorphological structure of the synanthropic fraction of flora of Dunaivtsi, according to the classification of I. G. Serebryakov, the vast majority of species (174 species, 85 %) are herbaceous plants, among them the duration of the life cycle is slightly dominated by herbaceous polycarpics (88 species, 43 %) over monocarpics (86 species, 42 %). According to the classification of biological types of K. Raunkier, more than half of the synanthropic fraction of flora are hemicryptophytes (107 species, 52 %); significant in number of species are therophytes – 82 species (40 %), and phanerophytes, hamephytes, cryptophytes and geophytes are represented by 17 species (8.2 %). Geographical analysis of the studied synanthropic fraction of flora showed that the widest represented areological groups are Holarctic – 51 species, group of cosmopolitans – 48, Palearctic – 10, Eurasian – 23, Euro-Mediterranean – 44, Euro-Siberian – 10, North American – 12 species. The ecological structure of the flora in the composition of heliomorphs is dominated by heliophytes (112 species, 54.4 %); in the composition of hygromorphs – xeromesophytes (98 species, 47.6 %). It was found that among the invasive species of the town, the most aggressive growth is characterized by Acer negundo, Galinsoga parviflora, Amaranthus retroflexus, Solidago canadensis.

The article considers the methodological characteristics of teaching molecular biology at the Department of Biology and methods of its teaching at Kamianets-Podilsky Ivan Ohiienko National University. The educational and methodical support of the discipline is analyzed; features of delivering lectures and tutorials are given; features of the organization of independent work of students are characterized; effective methods of control of student knowledge are defined. Thus, the department has developed an educational and methodological complex of the discipline, which includes the syllabus, lecture notes, plans of tutorials with methodological recommendations for their implementation, tasks for independent work, test tasks and tasks for monitoring and final control. Multimedia support of lectures has been developed, which fully reveal the problematic issues of relevant topics. For effective independent work of students methodical recommendations containing all tasks, including materials for self-control of level of mastering the knowledge by students are provided; a virtual learning environment based on the Moodle learning management system is available. It is stressed that independent work develops efficiency, disciplines, maintains interest in learning. From among modern approaches to teaching the discipline active teaching methods are used, notably video lectures, discussion of problematic issues, methods of group discussion, preparation of speeches on certain topics that contribute to the formation of required students' competencies, public speaking skills, ability to formalize the results, teamwork skills, etc. It is noted that the prospect for further research is the search for effective means of motivating students to study, creation of their own channels of educational nature in social networks, the development of electronic assessories for monitoring students' knowledge.