The article deals with the survivability of the artillery unit during the combat operation. The brutality of the artillery unit is regarded as a random process. In our view, this random process is a Markov process that depends on time. Mathematical model of survivability of artillery unit based on non-stationary Markov process described by Kolmogorov equation was developed. The mathematical model allows to change probability of impressions of the artillery unit, time of their presence in combat positions and time of determination of positions of the enemy, which allows to determine vitality of the artillery unit in time during combat operations. The article considers two cases of survivability of an artillery unit during hostilities. In the first case, the entire artillery unit begins to fight on the uncertain positions of the enemy's artillery unit. The latter for some time determines the exact position of the attackers and, despite the fact that they entered the battle later, inflicts significant losses on the former. In the second case, the artillery unit is divided into two parts. The first part also begins the battle on the uncertain positions of the enemy's artillery unit. The second part enters the battle after determining the positions of the enemy artillery unit. In this case, the overall survivability of the first unit will be greater than the enemy's artillery unit. Ways to increase the survivability of the artillery unit during combat operations were shown. In our view, this approach can be used to create an interactive simulation of the artillery unit’s command. Such a complex is applicable in the training of commanders of artillery units.